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Effects of leaf temperature on initial stomatal opening and their roles in overall and biochemical photosynthetic induction

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Abstract

Key message

The more stomata affect photosynthetic induction courses, the stronger the influence of leaf temperature on the induction parameters becomes. Initial stomatal conductances relative to species-specific stomatal thresholds explain seemingly contradictory response patterns.

Abstract

We analyzed the effects of leaf temperature, T leaf (at simultaneously altered leaf-to-air vapor concentration difference, Δw) on “overall” and “biochemical” photosynthetic induction as modified by stomata and in response to single, rectangular steps from darkness to saturating light. Studies were performed in sun leaves of shade-intolerant Betula pubescens Ehrh. and shade-tolerant Fagus sylvatica L. In general, induction proceeded faster with higher T leaf. This pattern was clearly visible when limitations to induction were dominated by stomata, which was the case at low initial stomatal conductance (g ini), as well as when there was a long stomatal lag time in response to the light-step (t lag) and slow stomatal opening (long time to reach 90% of full stomatal conductance, t 90%g). t lag and t 90%g became shorter with rising T leaf despite strongly increasing Δw (temperature-driven), while g ini was not affected. Species-specific thresholds, namely g ini(crit), above which halftimes of induction are no longer related to g ini, were higher in Betula (≈35 mmol m−2 s−1) and most likely not temperature related, while they decreased with T leaf (from 15 to 35 °C) in Fagus from about 30 to 10 mmol m−2 s−1. In Betula, g ini values were typically above and in Fagus typically below g ini(crit). Induction states 60 s after the light-step (IS60) rose with temperature while becoming more sensitive to g ini with higher T leaf. Induction courses which began either above or below g ini(crit) resulted in entirely different dependencies of induction halftimes on T leaf, confirming the importance of g ini(crit). This must be kept in mind when comparing different species. Implications for modeling are discussed.

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Abbreviations

Γ*:

Light-independent CO2 compensation point

Δw :

Leaf/air vapor concentration difference

A :

Net photosynthesis

A ind :

Overall photosynthetic induction

A max :

Maximum A at full photosynthetic induction

B ind :

Biochemical photosynthetic induction

C a :

Ambient CO2 concentration

C i :

Intercellular CO2 concentration

g :

Stomatal conductance to H2O

g ini :

g before illumination

g ini(crit) :

Stomatal threshold value in the curved region of the function t 50%A = f (gini)

g m :

Mesophyll conductance to CO2

g max :

g at full induction

IS60 :

Induction state after 60 s of illumination

m 100 :

Initial linear slope of the A/C i relationship at full induction

PPFD:

Photosynthetic photon flux density

R D :

Leaf respiration in darkness

R I :

Leaf respiration in light

RuBisCO:

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

RuBP:

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate

t :

Time

t 50%A and t 90%A :

Time to reach 50 and 90% of A ind

t 50%B and t 90%B :

Time to reach 50 and 90% of B ind

t 90%g :

Time to reach 90% of g max

t lag :

Lag time in stomatal response after beginning of illumination

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank Margaret Janke (Hohenheim) for correcting the English, Miko Kirschbaum (Palmerston North, New Zealand) for discussing parts of the early results and unknown reviewers for very helpful comments on the manuscript.

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  1. Institute of Botany, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany

    Magnus Wachendorf & Manfred Küppers

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  1. Magnus Wachendorf
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Correspondence to Magnus Wachendorf.

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Wachendorf, M., Küppers, M. Effects of leaf temperature on initial stomatal opening and their roles in overall and biochemical photosynthetic induction. Trees 31, 1667–1681 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-017-1577-8

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