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The GAMMA concept (gastrointestinal activity manipulation to modulate appetite) preliminary proofs of the concept of local vibrational gastric mechanical stimulation

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Abstract

Background

Mechanical stimulation of the stretch receptors of the gastric wall can simulate the presence of indigested food leading to reduced food intake. We report the preliminary experimental results of an innovative concept of localized mechanical gastric stimulation.

Methods

In a first survival study, a biocompatible bulking agent was injected either in the greater curvature (n = 8) or in the cardia wall (n = 8) of Wistar rats. Six animals served as sham. Changes of bulking volume, leptin levels and weight gain were monitored for 3 months. In a second acute study, a micro-motor (n = 10; MM) or a size-paired inactive device (n = 10; ID) where applied on the cardia, while 10 additional rats served as sham. Serum ghrelin and leptin were measured at baseline and every hour (T0–T1–T2–T3), during 3 h. In a third study, 24 implants of various shapes and sizes were introduced into the gastric subserosa of 6 Yucatan pigs. Monthly CT scans and gastroscopies were done for 6 months.

Results

Weight gain in the CW group was significant lower after 2 weeks and 3 months when compared to the shame and GC (p = 0.01/p = 0.01 and p = 0.048/p = 0.038 respectively). Significant lower increase of leptin production occurred at 2 weeks (p = 0.01) and 3 months (p = 0.008) in CW vs. SG. In the MM group significant reduction of the serum ghrelin was seen after 3 h. Leptin was significantly increased in both MM and ID groups after 3 h, while it was significantly reduced in sham rats. The global device retention was 43.5%. Devices with lower profile and with a biocompatible coating remained more likely in place without complications.

Conclusions

Gastric mechanical stimulation induced a reduced weight gain and hormonal changes. Low profile and coated devices inserted within the gastric wall are more likely to be integrated.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are grateful to Iana Shutrova, Guy Temporal and Christopher Burel, professional in Medical English proofreading, for their valuable help with the manuscript revision.

Funding

This study was funded by an IHU-Strasbourg feasibility grant and by the 2016 EAES Research Grant (recipient Michele Diana).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Andras Legner and Seong-Ho Kong share first authorship.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France

    Andras Legner, Seong-Ho Kong, Peter Halvax, Jacques Marescaux, Lee Swanström & Michele Diana

  2. Department of Surgery, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

    Seong-Ho Kong

  3. IRCAD, Research Institute Against Cancer of the Digestive System, Strasbourg, France

    Yu-Yin Liu, Galyna Shabat, Jacques Marescaux & Michele Diana

  4. Department of Surgery, Obesity Surgery Unit, Neuchâtel Hospital, Neuchâtel, Switzerland

    Alend Saadi, Marc Worreth & Michele Diana

  5. IHU-Strasbourg, Institute for Hybrid Minimally-Invasive Image-Guided Surgery, 1, Place de l’Hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg, France

    Michele Diana

Authors
  1. Andras Legner
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  2. Seong-Ho Kong
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  3. Yu-Yin Liu
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  4. Galyna Shabat
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  5. Peter Halvax
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  7. Marc Worreth
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  8. Jacques Marescaux
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  9. Lee Swanström
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  10. Michele Diana
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michele Diana.

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Disclosure

Michele Diana, Peter Halvax and Lee Swanström are the inventors of the GAMMA concept. Jacques Marescaux is the President of both IRCAD and IHU-Strasbourg institutes, which are partly funded by Karl Storz, Siemens and Medtronic. None of the industrial partners participate in any aspect of this study. Andras Legner, Seong-Ho Kong, Yu-Yin Liu, Galyna Shabat, Alend Saadi and Marc Worreth have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.

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Legner, A., Kong, SH., Liu, YY. et al. The GAMMA concept (gastrointestinal activity manipulation to modulate appetite) preliminary proofs of the concept of local vibrational gastric mechanical stimulation. Surg Endosc 34, 5346–5353 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-019-07325-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-019-07325-5

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