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Intraoperative optical coherence tomography imaging to identify parathyroid glands

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Abstract

Objective

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive high-resolution imaging technique that permits characterization of microarchitectural features in real time. Previous ex vivo studies have shown that the technique is capable of distinguishing between parathyroid tissue, thyroid tissue, lymph nodes, and adipose tissue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the practicality of OCT during open and minimally invasive parathyroid and thyroid surgery.

Methods

During parathyroid and thyroid surgery, OCT images were generated from parathyroid glands, thyroid tissue, lymph nodes, and adipose tissue. The images were immediately assessed by the operating team using the previously defined criteria. Second, the OCT images were blinded with respect to their origin and analyzed by two investigators. Whenever possible the OCT findings were matched to the corresponding histology.

Results

A total of 227 OCT images from 27 patients undergoing open or minimally invasive thyroid or parathyroid surgery were analyzed. Parathyroid glands were correctly identified in 69.2 %, thyroid tissue in 74.5 %, lymph nodes in 37.5 %, and adipose tissue in 69.2 %. 43 OCT images (18.9 %) could not be allocated to one of the tissue types (Table 2). Sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing parathyroid tissue from the other entities were 69 % (63 true positive, 13 false negative findings, 15 images where an allocation was not possible) and 66 %, respectively (71 true negative, 9 false positive, 28 images where an assessment was not possible).

Conclusion

OCT is capable of distinguishing between parathyroid, thyroid, and adipose tissue. An accurate differentiation between parathyroid tissue and lymph nodes was not possible. The disappointing results compared to the previous ex vivo study are related to problems handling the endoscopic probe intraoperatively. However, further refinement of this new technology may lead to OCT systems with higher resolution and intraoperative probes that are easier to handle.

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Acknowledgment

This study was supported by Grants of the non-profit foundations “Friedrich-Baur-Stiftung” and “Muenchener Medizinische Wochenschrift Stiftung.”

Disclosures

The grants of “Friedrich-Baur-Stiftung” and “Muenchener Medizinische Wochenschrift Stiftung” were allocated to Dr. Gallwas. Imalux Corporation provided the OCT-system free of charge to Dr. Gallwas and Dr. Stepp. Drs. Sommerey, Al Arabi, Ladurner, Chiapponi, and Hallfeldt have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Innenstadt Medical Campus, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 20, 80336, Munich, Germany

    Sandra Sommerey, Norah Al Arabi, Roland Ladurner, Constanza Chiapponi & Klaus K. J. Hallfeldt

  2. Laser-Research Laboratory, LIFE Center, Grosshadern Medical Campus, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Marchioninistr. 23, 81377, Munich, Germany

    Herbert Stepp

  3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Grosshadern Medical Campus, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany

    Julia K. S. Gallwas

Authors
  1. Sandra Sommerey
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  2. Norah Al Arabi
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  3. Roland Ladurner
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  4. Constanza Chiapponi
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  5. Herbert Stepp
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  6. Klaus K. J. Hallfeldt
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  7. Julia K. S. Gallwas
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Klaus K. J. Hallfeldt.

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Sommerey, S., Al Arabi, N., Ladurner, R. et al. Intraoperative optical coherence tomography imaging to identify parathyroid glands. Surg Endosc 29, 2698–2704 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-014-3992-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-014-3992-x

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