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Surgical site infection after laparoscopic and open appendectomy: a multicenter large consecutive cohort study

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Abstract

Background

Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) has been rapidly applied worldwide recently. The issue of surgical site infection (SSI) after appendectomy needs to be re-investigated and analyzed along with this trend. This study aimed to identify risk factors of SSI after appendectomy in recent years.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted among patients with acute appendicitis who underwent either laparoscopic or open appendectomy (OA) at 7 general hospitals in China from 2010 to 2013. The incidence of SSI, classified as incisional SSI and organ/space SSI, was investigated. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess independent risk factors associated with overall, incisional, and organ/space SSI, respectively.

Results

Among 16,263 consecutive patients, 3,422 (21.0 %) and 12,841 (79.0 %) patients underwent LA and OA, respectively. The incidences of overall, incisional, and organ/space SSI were 6.2, 3.7, and 3.0 %, respectively. The proportion of LAs among both procedures increased yearly from 5.3 to 46.5 %, while the incidences of overall and incisional SSI after appendectomy simultaneously decreased yearly from 9.6 to 4.5 % and from 6.7 to 2.2 %, respectively. In comparison with OA, LA was associated with lower incidences of overall and incisional SSI (4.5 vs 6.7 %, P < 0.001; and 1.9 vs 4.2 %, P < 0.001), but a similar incidence of organ/space SSI (3.0 vs 3.0 %, P = 0.995). After multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, LA was found to be independently associated with a decrease in development of overall SSI [odds ratio (95 % confidence interval) OR (95 % CI), 1.24 (1.03–1.70); P = 0.04] or incisional SSI [OR (95 % CI), 1.32 (1.10–1.68); P = 0.01].

Conclusion

With the increasing application trends of laparoscopic procedure, the incidence of SSI after appendectomy declined accordingly. Compared with OA, LA was independently associated with a significantly lower incidence of incisional SSI, but a similar incidence of organ/space SSI.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81000166, 81101578, 81172020 and 81372262 for T. Y. and J. Z.), Shanghai ‘Phosphor’ Science Foundation (No. 12QA1404800 for T. Y. and 12QA1404900 for J. Z.), Program for Excellent Young Scholars of SMMU (for T. Y.) and Charitable Project on Scientific Research of Shanghai (for T. Y.).

Disclosures

Drs. Yan Xiao, Gang Shi, Jin Zhang, Jian-Guo Cao, Li-Jun Liu, Ting-Hao Chen, Zhi-Zhou Li, Hong Wang, Han Zhang, Zhao-Fen Lin, and Tian Yang have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Emergency, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China

    Yan Xiao & Zhao-Fen Lin

  2. Department of Emergency, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China

    Yan Xiao & Li-Jun Liu

  3. The 3rd Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China

    Gang Shi

  4. Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 225, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China

    Jin Zhang, Han Zhang, Jun-Hua Lu & Tian Yang

  5. Department of General Surgery, Zhangjiagang First People’s Hospital, Soochow, Jiangsu, China

    Jian-Guo Cao

  6. Department of General Surgery, Ziyang First People’s Hospital, Ziyang, Sichuan, China

    Ting-Hao Chen

  7. Department of General Surgery, Xuancheng People’s Hospital, Xuancheng, Anhui, China

    Zhi-Zhou Li

  8. Department of General Surgery, Liuyang People’s Hospital, Liuyang, Hunan, China

    Hong Wang

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  1. Yan Xiao
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  2. Gang Shi
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  3. Jin Zhang
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  4. Jian-Guo Cao
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  5. Li-Jun Liu
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  6. Ting-Hao Chen
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  7. Zhi-Zhou Li
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  8. Hong Wang
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  9. Han Zhang
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  10. Zhao-Fen Lin
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  11. Jun-Hua Lu
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  12. Tian Yang
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Zhao-Fen Lin or Tian Yang.

Additional information

Yan Xiao, Gang Shi, Jin Zhang, Jian-Guo Cao, Li-Jun Liu, and Ting-Hao Chen contributed equally to this work.

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Xiao, Y., Shi, G., Zhang, J. et al. Surgical site infection after laparoscopic and open appendectomy: a multicenter large consecutive cohort study. Surg Endosc 29, 1384–1393 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-014-3809-y

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