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Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa in the Proximal Esophagus: Prospective Study and Systematic Review on Relationships with Endoscopic Findings and Clinical Data

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Abstract

Cervical inlet patches (CIP) are common endoscopic findings with uncertain pathogenesis and clinical significance. We aimed to perform a systematic review and prospective study of clinical data and endoscopic findings related to CIP. It was a prospective single-center study conducted between 10/01/2017 and 9/01/2018. Forty patients with histopathologically confirmed CIP were compared with 222 individuals in the reference group. The systematic review was executed in accordance with the PRISMA guideline. Alcohol consumption tended to be higher among patients with CIP (3.0 ± 4.6 vs. 1.9 ± 5.0 standard drinks/week CIP patients and reference group, respectively; p < 0.001). Dysphagia was more frequent among patients with CIP (25% vs. 1.4%, CIP patients and reference group, respectively; p < 0.001), and sore throat and hoarseness were less frequent in patients with CIP (17.5% vs. 26.6% CIP patients and reference group, respectively; p < 0.01). In the multivariate regression analysis, the only risk factor of CIP occurrence was dysphagia (OR 21.9, 95%CI 4.9–98.6; p < 0.001). Sore throat and hoarseness were a reverse-risk factor of CIP diagnosis (OR 0.3, 95%CI 0.1–0.93; p = 0.04). Clinical data and coexisting endoscopic findings were not related to CIP. In the presented study, dysphagia was related to CIP occurrence, and sore throat and hoarseness tended to be less frequent among patients with CIP.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Bartosz Ostrowski for helping with search design.

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The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work. The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

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  1. Marcin Romańczyk and Krzysztof Budzyń have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Endoterapia, H-T. Centrum Medyczne, Aleja Bielska 105, 43-100, Tychy, Poland

    Marcin Romańczyk, Krzysztof Budzyń, Tomasz Romańczyk, Magdalena Lesińska & Marek Waluga

  2. Chair and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

    Marcin Romańczyk, Krzysztof Budzyń, Marek Hartleb & Marek Waluga

  3. Department of Gastroenterology, Wyższa Szkoła Techniczna W Katowicach, Katowice, Poland

    Tomasz Romańczyk & Magdalena Lesińska

  4. Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

    Mateusz Koziej

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Contributions

Conceptualization: MR, TR, MW; Methodology: MR, TR; Formal analysis and investigation: MR, TR, KB, ML, MK; Writing—original draft preparation: KB, MR; Writing—review and editing: ML, TR, MW, MH, MK; Funding acquisition: TR; Resources: TR, ML, MW, MK; Supervision: TR, MH.

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Correspondence to Krzysztof Budzyń.

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The trial was approved by the Silesian Ethics Commission (No. 1/2017) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (No. NCT03015571). The written informed consent has been obtained from all patients.

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Romańczyk, M., Budzyń, K., Romańczyk, T. et al. Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa in the Proximal Esophagus: Prospective Study and Systematic Review on Relationships with Endoscopic Findings and Clinical Data. Dysphagia 38, 629–640 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-022-10492-8

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