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Phyto-fabricated ZnO nanoparticles for anticancer, photo-antimicrobial effect on carbapenem-resistant/sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa and removal of tetracycline

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Abstract

Alternanthera sessilis (AS) leaf extract was used to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Bioanalytical characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) confirmed the formation of crystalline ZnO NPs with average sizes of 40 nm. The AS-ZnO NPs antimicrobial activity was analyzed under dark (D) and white light (WL) conditions. The improved antimicrobial activity was observed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis at the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125 and 62.5 µg/mL under WL than the D at 125 and 250 µg/mL for E. coli, B. subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. In contrast, the growth of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was not completely inhibited until 1 mg/mL AS-ZnO NPs under WL and D. Similarly, AS-ZnO NPs displayed a weaker inhibitory effect against carbapenem-sensitive P. aeruginosa (CSPA) and carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) strains of PAC023, PAC041 and PAC032, PAC045 under D. Interestingly, the distinct inhibitory effect was recorded against CSPA PAC041 and CRPA PAC032 in which the bacteria growth was inhibited 99.9% at 250, 500 µg/mL under WL. The cytotoxicity results suggested AS-ZnO NPs demonstrated higher toxicity to MCF-7 breast cancer cells than the RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Further, AS-ZnO NPs exhibited higher catalytic potential against tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-H) degradation at 65.6% and 60.8% under WL than the dark at 59.35% and 48.6% within 120 min. Therefore, AS-ZnO NPs can be used to design a photo-improved antimicrobial formulation and environmental catalyst for removing TC-H from wastewater.

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The data represented in this article are available on request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project no. (IFKSUOR3-588-1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Gopinath Venkatraman, Maryam Mohammed Mashghan, Kar-Cheng Wong & Puteri Shafinaz Abdul-Rahman

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical @ Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India

    Gopinath Venkatraman

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Priyadarshini Sakthi Mohan

  4. Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Puteri Shafinaz Abdul-Rahman

  5. Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Kumutha Malar Vellasamy

  6. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Abdurahman Hajinur Hirad & Abdullah A. Alarfaj

  7. School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, Wanzhou, China

    Shifa Wang

Authors
  1. Gopinath Venkatraman
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  2. Priyadarshini Sakthi Mohan
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  3. Maryam Mohammed Mashghan
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  4. Kar-Cheng Wong
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  5. Puteri Shafinaz Abdul-Rahman
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  6. Kumutha Malar Vellasamy
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  7. Abdurahman Hajinur Hirad
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  8. Abdullah A. Alarfaj
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  9. Shifa Wang
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Contributions

Conceptualization, methodology, validation, and writing—original draft preparation, G.V.; formal analysis, investigation, and manuscript writing, P.S; conducting experiments, revision, data curation, and statistical analysis, M.M.M. and K-C.W; planning research activity and management, P.S.A.R; data presentation and visualization, K.M.V; study materials resources, data interpretation, and statistical data analysis, A.A.A, A.H.H., and S.W;. and all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Gopinath Venkatraman.

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Venkatraman, G., Mohan, P.S., Mashghan, M.M. et al. Phyto-fabricated ZnO nanoparticles for anticancer, photo-antimicrobial effect on carbapenem-resistant/sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa and removal of tetracycline. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-024-02984-8

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