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Morinda citrifolia leaf assisted synthesis of ZnO decorated Ag bio-nanocomposites for in-vitro cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and anticancer applications

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Abstract

This study used Morinda citrifolia leaf (MCL) extract to synthesise Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and ZnO decorated silver nanocomposites (ZnO/Ag NCs). The synthesized nanomaterials structural morphology and crystallinity were characterized using a Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs and ZnO/Ag NCs was evaluated using human nosocomial bacterial pathogens. The highest antimicrobial activity was recorded for ZnO/Ag NCs at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 80 and 100 μg/mL for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus than ZnO NPs at the MIC of 120 and 140 μg/mL for Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, ROS detection, viability assay and bacterial membrane integrity analysis of ZnO/Ag NCs treated P. aeruginosa and S. aureus revealed the fundamental bactericidal mechanism involving cell wall, cell membrane interaction and release of cytoplasmic contents. In addition, ZnO/Ag NCs and ZnO NPs showed higher toxicity towards A549 lung cancer cells than the non-cancerous RAW264 macrophage cells, with IC50 of 242 and 398 µg/mL respectively, compared to IC50 of 402 and 494 µg/mL for the macrophage cells. These results suggest that the ZnO/Ag NCs can be effectively used to develop antimicrobial and anticancer materials.

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Acknowledgement

The authors extend their appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSPD2024R677), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Deputy Vice-Chancellors Research and Innovation, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Gopinath Venkatraman

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India

    Gopinath Venkatraman

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Priyadarshini Sakthi Mohan

  4. Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Puteri Shafinaz Abdul-Rahman

  5. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Faridah Sonsudin

  6. Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Barathan Muttiah

  7. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Abdurahman Hajinur Hirad & Abdullah A. Alarfaj

  8. School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, Wanzhou, China

    Shifa Wang

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  1. Gopinath Venkatraman
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Contributions

Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Methods, Validation, Writing—Original Draft, Review & Editing: GV; Analysis and Interpretation of Data: PSM, Writing—Review & Editing, BM; PSAR; and FS; Formal Analysis, AHH; AAA; SW.

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Venkatraman, G., Mohan, P.S., Abdul-Rahman, P.S. et al. Morinda citrifolia leaf assisted synthesis of ZnO decorated Ag bio-nanocomposites for in-vitro cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and anticancer applications. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-024-02995-5

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