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Systematic comparisons of various markers for mast cell activation in RBL-2H3 cells

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Abstract

Mast cell activation plays a key role in various allergic diseases and anaphylaxis. Several methods/techniques can be used for detection of mast cell activation. However, there was no previous systematic evaluation to compare the efficacy of each method/technique. The present study thus systematically compared various markers for mast cell activation induced by IgE cross-linking. The widely used RBL-2H3 mast cells were sensitized with anti-DNP (dinitrophenyl) IgE overnight and activated with DNP-BSA (bovine serum albumin) for up to 4 h. The untreated cells and those with anti-DNP IgE sensitization but without DNP-BSA activation served as the controls. Intracellular calcium level gradually increased to ~2-fold at 1 h, reached its peak (~5-fold) at 2 h, and returned to the basal level at 3-h post-activation. The increases in cellular tryptase level (by Western blotting) (~0.3- to 0.4-fold) and average cell size (~2.5-fold) and decrease of nucleus/cytoplasm ratio (~0.4- to 0.5-fold) were marginal at all time-points. By contrast, β-hexosaminidase release and CD63 expression (by both flow cytometry and immunofluorescence detection/localization), secreted tryptase level (by Western blotting), and tryptase expression (by immunofluorescence detection/localization) stably and obviously increased (~10-fold as compared with the untreated control and sensitized-only cells or detectable only after activation). Based on these data, the stably obvious increases (by ≥ 10-fold) in β-hexosaminidase release, CD63 expression (by both flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining), secreted tryptase level (by Western blotting), and tryptase expression (by immunofluorescence staining) are recommended as the markers of choice for the in vitro study of mast cell activation using RBL-2H3 cells.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Mahidol University (to VT).

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Author notes

  1. Chuda Rujitharanawong and Sunisa Yoodee made equal contributions as first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Chuda Rujitharanawong, Papapit Tuchinda & Kanokvalai Kulthanan

  2. Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor - SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand

    Sunisa Yoodee, Kanyarat Sueksakit, Paleerath Peerapen & Visith Thongboonkerd

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  1. Chuda Rujitharanawong
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Contributions

CR, SY, KS, PP, PT, KK, and VT designed the research; CR, SY, KS, and PP performed experiments; CR, SY, KS, PP, PT, KK, and VT analyzed the data; CR, SY, KS, and VT wrote the manuscript; and all authors reviewed and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Visith Thongboonkerd.

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Rujitharanawong, C., Yoodee, S., Sueksakit, K. et al. Systematic comparisons of various markers for mast cell activation in RBL-2H3 cells. Cell Tissue Res 390, 413–428 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-022-03687-w

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