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Multidisciplinary re-description of Plasmodium (Novyella) paranucleophilum in Brazilian wild birds of the Atlantic Forest kept in captivity

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Abstract

Haemosporidian blood parasites of the Plasmodium genus are the causative agents of avian malaria in many parts of the world. Despite the great diversity of Brazilian avifauna, few studies have been conducted to examine the haemosporidians of wild birds found in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, especially those kept in captivity. This study aimed to re-examine and further characterize the South American avian parasite Plasmodium paranucleophilum using a multidisciplinary approach. Blood samples were collected from 68 captive birds representing 15 species found in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. Morphometric and morphological characterization was performed, in addition to PCR and sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and subsequent phylogenetic analysis. The overall prevalence of P. paranucleophilum infection in the study was 13.23% (n = 9), with a mean parasitemia of 0.58%. We observed the highest parasitemia of 3.88% in Rupornis magnirostris. In our phylogenetic analysis, P. paranucleophilum and P lasmodium nucleophilum formed distinct, highly supported clades, with a mean genetic divergence of 2.48%. This study provides new morphological and molecular data, expanding our knowledge of the haemosporidians of wild birds in Brazil and highlighting the need for further investigation. The true depth of diversity in Brazilian avian haemosporidians remains largely unknown, and given the enormous variety of vectors and avian species, there may be many more species of these blood parasites yet to be described.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Brazilian Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA) for allowing the collection of birds in the study and to Larissa Amorim, for the assistance in blood collections. We thank the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)/Parasitologia Básica for financial support, and the doctoral fellowship granted to Raquel Tostes and post-doctoral fellowship granted to Isabel Martinele by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). This work was also supported by a Post-Doctoral fellowship by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), PNDP Institucional (project 006995/2011-51). We also thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the productivity fellowship granted to Dr. Marta D’Agosto and Roberto Júnio Pedroso Dias.

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  1. Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brazil

    Raquel Tostes & Carlos Luiz Massard

  2. Laboratório de Protozoologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas- Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-900, Brazil

    Roberto Júnio Pedroso Dias, Isabel Martinele, Marcus Vinicius Xavier Senra & Marta D’Agosto

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  1. Raquel Tostes
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  2. Roberto Júnio Pedroso Dias
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  3. Isabel Martinele
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  4. Marcus Vinicius Xavier Senra
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Correspondence to Raquel Tostes.

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All procedures and sampling methods of this study involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted and were evaluated and approved by the Comissão de Ética no Uso de Animais (CEUA) do Instituto de Veterinária da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (protocolo no. 121/2014), pelo Comitê de Ética e Experimentação Animal da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (protocolo no. 42/2012) e ainda pelo Sistema de Autorização e Informação em Biodiversidade (SISBIO), solicitações número 29268-3 e 39534-2.

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Tostes, R., Dias, R.J.P., Martinele, I. et al. Multidisciplinary re-description of Plasmodium (Novyella) paranucleophilum in Brazilian wild birds of the Atlantic Forest kept in captivity. Parasitol Res 116, 1887–1897 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-017-5465-3

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