Abstract
For at least 150,000 years, the human body has been culturally modified by the wearing of personal ornaments and probably by painting with red pigment. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the brain networks involved in attributing social status from face decorations. Results showed the fusiform gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, and salience network were involved in social encoding, categorization, and evaluation. The hippocampus and parahippocampus were activated due to the memory and associative skills required for the task, while the inferior frontal gyrus likely interpreted face ornaments as symbols. Resting-state functional connectivity analysis clarified the interaction between these regions. The study highlights the importance of these neural interactions in the symbolic interpretation of social markers on the human face, which were likely active in early Homo species and intensified with Homo sapiens populations as more complex technologies were developed to culturalize the human face.
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BOLD values for each participant, hROI, and contrast are available as supplementary material.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the Ginesis Lab (GIN, Fealinks, Labcom Programme 2016, ANR 16LCV2-0006-01) for their help with data management and processing. We are also indebted to Violaine Verrecchia and Marc Joliot for their help in data analysis. Our thanks also go to Marie Guerlain, Annie Bardon-Lay, and her team members for their help with the face painting. Warm thanks also go to all those who agreed to participate in our experiments.
Funding
This work was supported by the CNRS project 80 Prime Neurobeads and a grant from the IdEx Bordeaux/CNRS (PEPS 2015). Francesco d’Errico’s work is supported by the European Research Council through a Synergy Grant for the project Evolution of Cognitive Tools for Quantification (QUANTA), No. 951388; the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme, SFF Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour (SapienCE), project number 262618, the Talents Program of the Bordeaux University [grant number: 191022_001] and the Grand Programme de Recherche ‘Human Past’ of the Initiative d’Excellence (IdEx) of the Bordeaux University.
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MS, FdE, SR, EM designed the studyMS, EM acquired the dataMS, EM analyzed the dataMS, FdE, SR, EM wrote the article.
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Salagnon, M., d’Errico, F., Rigaud, S. et al. Assigning a social status from face adornments: an fMRI study. Brain Struct Funct (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-024-02786-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-024-02786-4