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Long-term intensive gymnastic training induced changes in intra- and inter-network functional connectivity: an independent component analysis

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Abstract

Long-term intensive gymnastic training can induce brain structural and functional reorganization. Previous studies have identified structural and functional network differences between world class gymnasts (WCGs) and non-athletes at the whole-brain level. However, it is still unclear how interactions within and between functional networks are affected by long-term intensive gymnastic training. We examined both intra- and inter-network functional connectivity of gymnasts relative to non-athletes using resting-state fMRI (R-fMRI). R-fMRI data were acquired from 13 WCGs and 14 non-athlete controls. Group-independent component analysis (ICA) was adopted to decompose the R-fMRI data into spatial independent components and associated time courses. An automatic component identification method was used to identify components of interest associated with resting-state networks (RSNs). We identified nine RSNs, the basal ganglia network (BG), sensorimotor network (SMN), cerebellum (CB), anterior and posterior default mode networks (aDMN/pDMN), left and right fronto-parietal networks (lFPN/rFPN), primary visual network (PVN), and extrastriate visual network (EVN). Statistical analyses revealed that the intra-network functional connectivity was significantly decreased within the BG, aDMN, lFPN, and rFPN, but increased within the EVN in the WCGs compared to the controls. In addition, the WCGs showed uniformly decreased inter-network functional connectivity between SMN and BG, CB, and PVN, BG and PVN, and pDMN and rFPN compared to the controls. We interpret this generally weaker intra- and inter-network functional connectivity in WCGs during the resting state as a result of greater efficiency in the WCGs’ brain associated with long-term motor skill training.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant numbers: 81371535, 81428013, 81471654, and 81271548).

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  1. School of Psychology, Institute of Brain Research and Rehabilitation (IBRR), Center for the Study of Applied Psychology and MRI Center, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China

    Huiyuan Huang, Junjing Wang, Carol Seger, Feng Deng, Xiaoyan Wu, Yuan He, Chen Niu & Ruiwang Huang

  2. Department of Psychology and Program in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Neurosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, Colorado, USA

    Carol Seger

  3. Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China

    Min Lu

  4. State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China

    Jun Wang

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Huang, H., Wang, J., Seger, C. et al. Long-term intensive gymnastic training induced changes in intra- and inter-network functional connectivity: an independent component analysis. Brain Struct Funct 223, 131–144 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-017-1479-y

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  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-017-1479-y

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