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Role of vitamins in the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease

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Abstract

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease has increased and continues to be the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The etiology of these diseases includes a complex phenotype derived from interactions between genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors. In this regard, it is common to observe vitamin deficiencies in the general population and even more in patients with cardiometabolic diseases due to different factors. Vitamins are essential micronutrients for cellular metabolism and their deficiencies result in diseases. In addition to its role in nutritional functions, increasingly, vitamins are being recognized as modulators of genetics expression and signals transduction, when consumed at pharmacological concentrations. Numerous randomized preclinical and clinical trials have evaluated the use of vitamin supplementation in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. However, it is controversy regarding its efficacy in the treatment and prevention of these diseases. In this review, we investigated chemical basics, physiological effect and recommended daily intake, problems with deficiency and overdose, preclinical and clinical studies, and mechanisms of action of vitamin supplementation in the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.

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Funding

This work was funded by a grant from the Coordination of Scientific Research of Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (C.I.C.-UMSNH).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biological Chemistry Research, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. J. Mújica, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, CP, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México

    Asdrubal Aguilera-Méndez & Alfredo Saavedra Molina

  2. School of Medicine, North Section, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Piedras Negras, 26090, Coahuila, México

    Daniel Boone-Villa & Janeth Ventura Sobrevilla

  3. University Center for Postgraduate Studies and Research, School of Dentistry, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58337, Morelia, Michoacán, México

    Renato Nieto-Aguilar

  4. Postgraduate Section, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México

    Santiago Villafaña-Rauda

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  1. Asdrubal Aguilera-Méndez
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  3. Renato Nieto-Aguilar
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Conceived and designed: Asdrubal Aguilera Méndez. Wrote the paper: Asdrubal Aguilera Méndez, Daniel Boone Villa, Renato Nieto Aguilar. Literature search and data analysis: Asdrubal Aguilera Méndez, Daniel Boone Villa, Renato Nieto Aguilar. Critically revised the work: Asdrubal Aguilera Méndez, Daniel Boone Villa, Alfredo Saavedra Molina, Santiago Villafaña Rauda, Janeth Ventura Sobrevilla.

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Aguilera-Méndez, A., Boone-Villa, D., Nieto-Aguilar, R. et al. Role of vitamins in the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol 474, 117–140 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-021-02619-x

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