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Blurring the boundary between open abdomen treatment and ventral hernia repair

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Abstract

Purpose

Therapeutic approaches for septic open abdomen treatment remain a major challenge with many uncertainties. The most convincing method is vacuum-assisted wound closure with mesh-mediated fascia traction with a protective plastic sheet placed on the viscera. As this plastic sheet and the mesh must be removed before final fascial closure, such a technique only allows temporary abdominal closure. This retrospective study analyzes the results of a modification of this technique allowing final abdominal closure using an anti-adhesive permeable polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) mesh.

Methods

The outcome of all consecutive patients with septic open abdomen treatment at one academic surgical department from January 2013 to June 2015 was retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Retrospectively, 57 severely ill consecutive patients with septic open abdomen treatment with a 30-day mortality of 26% and a 2-year mortality of 51% were included in the study. In 26 patients, no mesh was implanted; in 31 patients, mesh implantation was done at median third-look laparotomy, median 5 days postoperative. Re-laparotomies after mesh implantation (median n = 2) revealed anastomotic leakage in 16% but no new bowel fistula. In 40% of those patients who had mesh implantation, fascia closure was not achieved and the mesh was left in place in a bridging position avoiding planned ventral hernia.

Conclusion

The application of an anti-adhesive PVDF mesh for fascia traction in vacuum-assisted wound closure of septic open abdomen is novel, versatile, and seems to be safe. It offers the highly relevant possibility for provisional and final abdominal closure.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zürich, Switzerland

    Samuel A. Käser, P. Brosi, P. A. Clavien & R. Vonlanthen

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  1. Samuel A. Käser
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  2. P. Brosi
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  4. R. Vonlanthen
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Correspondence to Samuel A. Käser.

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Conflict of interest

This study has not been funded. All authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

With permission of the University of Zurich Ethics Commission (BASEC No 2016-00164), this retrospective study on all consecutive patients with open abdomen treatment at one institution from January 2013 to June 2015 was performed. Mainly due to high mortality, informed consent could not be obtained from all individuals included in this retrospective study.

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Käser, S.A., Brosi, P., Clavien, P.A. et al. Blurring the boundary between open abdomen treatment and ventral hernia repair. Langenbecks Arch Surg 404, 489–494 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-019-01757-2

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