Abstract
Purpose
Perceptual and goal-directed behaviors may be improved by repetitive sensory stimulations without practice-based training. Focal muscle vibration (f-MV) modulating the spatiotemporal properties of proprioceptive inflow is well-suited to investigate the effectiveness of sensory stimulation in influencing motor outcomes. Thus, in this study, we verified whether optimized f-MV stimulation patterns might affect motor control of upper limb movements.
Methods
To answer this question, we vibrated the slightly tonically contracted anterior deltoid (AD), posterior deltoid (PD), and pectoralis major muscles in different combinations in forty healthy subjects at a frequency of 100 Hz for 10 min in single or repetitive administrations. We evaluated the vibration effect immediately after f-MV application on upper limb targeted movements tasks, and one week later. We assessed target accuracy, movement mean and peak speed, and normalized Jerk using a 3D optoelectronic motion capture system. Besides, we evaluated AD and PD activity during the tasks using wireless electromyography.
Results
We found that f-MV may induce increases (p < 0.05) in movement accuracy, mean speed and smoothness, and changes (p < 0.05) in the electromyographic activity. The main effects of f-MV occurred overtime after repetitive vibration of the AD and PD muscles.
Conclusion
Thus, in healthy subjects, optimized f-MV stimulation patterns might over time affect the motor control of the upper limb movement.
This finding implies that f-MV may improve the individual’s ability to produce expected motor outcomes and suggests that it may be used to boost motor skills and learning during training and to support functional recovery in rehabilitation.
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Abbreviations
- AD:
-
Anterior deltoid
- Agon:
-
Agonist muscle vibration group
- Agon 30:
-
Agonist muscle vibration by repetitive stimulations group
- Anta:
-
Antagonist muscle vibration group
- Anta 30:
-
Antagonist muscle vibration by repetitive stimulations group
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- EMG:
-
Electromyography
- f-MV:
-
Focal muscle vibration
- M1:
-
Motor cortex
- NJ:
-
Normalized jerk
- MVIC:
-
Maximal voluntary isometric contraction
- PD:
-
Posterior deltoid
- r:
-
Effect size estimation
- Sham:
-
Sham stimulus group
- S1:
-
Somatosensory cortex
- sEMG:
-
Surface electromyography
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This work was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (grant WFR RF-2011–02352379) and by the Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Perugia (grant 2015.0328.021).
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RP, conceived and designed research; SC, AB, AF, CO, FC, conducted experiments; RP, SC, analyzed data; RP, SC, CVD, interpreted results of experiments; RP, drafted manuscript; RP, SC, CVD, JAS, AB, VEP, edited and revised manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of manuscript.
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Contemori, S., Dieni, C.V., Sullivan, J.A. et al. Sensory inflow manipulation induces learning-like phenomena in motor behavior. Eur J Appl Physiol 120, 811–828 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04320-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04320-w