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Slow to fast muscle transformation following heterochronous isotransplantation is influenced by host thyroid hormone status

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Abstract

We studied the effect of regeneration, altered innervation and thyroid hormone (TH) levels on fiber type transitions in slow soleus (SOL) muscles grafted (GRAFT) into host extensor digitorum longus (EDLh) muscles of euthyroid (EU), hyperthyroid (HT) and hypothyroid (HY) Lewis strain rats. SOL muscles were excised from 3-week to 4-week-old inbred Lewis rats and intramuscularly transplanted into EDLh muscles of 2-month-old female rats of the same strain. The proportions of type 1, 2A, 2X and 2B fibers of GRAFT were determined by immunohistochemistry and compared with those of EDLh muscle and EDL and SOL muscles of the unoperated contralateral hind limb. After an average regeneration period of 6–7 months and after being reinnervated by the “fast” peroneal nerve of EDLh muscle, GRAFT was transformed into a fast muscle. However, the extent of GRAFT transformation varied with different TH states. In the EU rats, GRAFT contained about 95 % of fast fibers, among which type 2X and 2B fibers predominated (about 75 %). The transition toward fast muscle phenotype was more pronounced in HT status, where the fastest type 2B fibers predominated. On the contrary, in HY status, the slow to fast transformation was less pronounced, as GRAFT contained less type 2B and 2X but more type 2A and 1 fibers. We conclude that the type of innervation is the crucial factor for the slow to fast fiber type transitions in GRAFT, but the extent of muscle transformation is further modulated by altered TH status.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Dr. Isa Jirmanová and Jana Musilová for performing the muscle surgery and to Anna Jokelová, Martina Pytlová, Andreja Vidmar, Ana Tomažinčič and Marko Slak for their excellent technical assistance and computer analysis. We are greatly indebted to Dr. Pavel Hník who sadly passed away while the manuscript was being written for his critical reading and valuable comments of the original version. The authors also wish to thank Dr. Stanislav Pavelka for T3 and T4 determination and Dr. Hana Rauchová for determination of glycerol-3-phosphate cytochrome c oxidoreductase. We also acknowledge that the monoclonal antibodies developed by Prof. Schiaffino were obtained from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank developed under the auspices of the NICHD and maintained at The University of Iowa, Department of Biology, Iowa City, IA 52242. This study was supported by MYORES LSH-CT-2004-511978, GACR 304/08/0256, MSCT CR LH12058 and 7AMB14SK123, the Czech-Slovenian Intergovernmental S&T Co-operation Program grant, Slovenian Research Agency (P3-0043) and by Research Project RVO: 67985823 (AV0Z 50110509).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic

    Kateřina Kopecká, Gisela Zacharova & Tomáš Soukup

  2. Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Vika Smerdu

Authors
  1. Kateřina Kopecká
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  2. Gisela Zacharova
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  3. Vika Smerdu
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  4. Tomáš Soukup
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Correspondence to Tomáš Soukup.

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Kopecká, K., Zacharova, G., Smerdu, V. et al. Slow to fast muscle transformation following heterochronous isotransplantation is influenced by host thyroid hormone status. Histochem Cell Biol 142, 677–684 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-014-1247-5

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