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Cellular components of the idiopathic epiretinal membrane

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Abstract

Idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) is a fibrocellular proliferation on the inner surface of the retina, which leads to decreased visual acuity and even central visual loss. As iERM is associated to advanced age and posterior vitreous detachment, a higher prevalence is expected with increasing life expectancy and aging of the global population. Although various cell types of retinal and extra-retinal origin have been described in iERMs (Müller glial cells, astrocytes, hyalocytes, retinal pigment epithelium cells, myofibroblasts, and fibroblasts), myofibroblasts have a central role in collagen production and contractile activity. Thus, myofibroblast differentiation is considered a key event for the iERM formation and progression, and fibroblasts, Müller glial cells, hyalocytes, and retinal pigment epithelium have been identified as myofibroblast precursors. On the other side, the different cell types synthesize growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix, which have a crucial role in ERM pathogenesis. In the present review, the major cellular components and their functions are summarized, and their possible roles in the iERM formation are discussed. By exploring in detail the cellular and molecular aspects of iERM, we seek to contribute for better understanding of this fibrotic disease and the origin of myofibroblasts, which may eventually drive to more targeted therapeutic approaches.

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Funding

Supported in part by São Paulo Research Foundation- Brazil (FAPESP, Grant number 15/2150–2), National Council of Scientific and Technological Development-Brazil (CNPq, Grant number 310402/2017–4), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior- Brazil (CAPES)- Finance code 001. RAS, VMPR, PVS, and GJLC were recipients of CAPES fellowships. The sponsors had no role in the design or conduct of this research.

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Author notes

  1. Rafael André da Silva and Vinicius Moraes de Paiva Roda contributed equally to this manuscript

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil

    Rafael André da Silva, Vinicius Moraes de Paiva Roda, Paula Veloso Siqueira, Gabriela Jesus Lustoza-Costa, Davi Chen Wu & Dânia Emi Hamassaki

  2. Laboratory of Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), Division of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Monique Matsuda

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, Irmandade de Misericórdia da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Davi Chen Wu

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da Silva, R.A., Roda, V.M., Matsuda, M. et al. Cellular components of the idiopathic epiretinal membrane. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 260, 1435–1444 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-021-05492-7

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