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Magmatic processes within the plumbing system of the ultraslow-spreading southwest Indian ridge: constraints from olivine, plagioclase and melt inclusions

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Abstract

Processes taking place within the magma plumbing system can exert an important control on the composition of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). Plagioclase ultraphyric basalts (PUBs) found at magma-poor mid-ocean ridges exhibit diverse disequilibrium characteristics, which can provide vital insights for distinguishing the complex effects of melt transport from those of source heterogeneity on the compositions of MORBs. Here, we present new insights into magmatic processes using integrated petrologic and geochemical studies of the PUBs from two zones (~ 50° and ~ 64°E longitude) along the ultraslow-spreading southwest Indian ridge (SWIR). The studied PUBs have complex mineral morphologies, including skeletal and acicular crystals, glomerocrysts with open and closed structure, reverse and normally zoned crystals and external and internal resorption even in single samples. Both low- and high-Fo olivine and An plagioclase crystals are in disequilibrium with their matrix glasses. Some plagioclase phenocrysts have repeated oscillatory zoning (An77–86) going from their core to rim and an abrupt decrease in An content toward the rim. Disequilibrium Sr isotopic compositions are present at several scales: between cores and rims of plagioclase crystals, between different plagioclase crystals and between plagioclase and their host lavas. Inferred pressures of magma storage range from 0.3 to 11.3 kbar. The textural and compositional diversity of crystals together with the variability in melt compositions reflect the combined influences of source heterogeneity and magmatic processes (e.g. crystallization, assimilation and magma mixing processes) taking place within crystal mushes. Our data combined with previous studies suggest that the magmatic processes within the SWIR magma plumbing system involve formation, disaggregation and juxtaposition of crystal-rich mush zones.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Editor Hans Keppler and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive and helpful reviews. Readers can access our data in Supporting Information. We thank China Ocean Sample Repository for providing some samples. Q.O. would like to acknowledge Ming Su, Hao Zheng, Ce Wang and Chi-Hua Wu for their comments and suggestions, when he gave a report at the School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University. Financial support for this research was provided by the Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University (20LCD08) and Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan (No. 23NSFSC2894).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sankuang Research Group, Changsha General Survey of Natural Resources Center, China Geological Survey, Changsha, China

    Quan Ou & Jia Liao

  2. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, Xi’an, China

    Quan Ou

  3. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Institute of Sedimentary Geology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China

    Quan Ou & Jing-Yi Liu

  4. State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

    Sheng-Ping Qian

  5. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany

    Kaj Hoernle

  6. Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany

    Kaj Hoernle

  7. Dipartimento Di Geoscienze, Università Degli Studi Di Padova, Padua, Italy

    Bruna B. Carvalho

  8. School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China

    Feng Zi

  9. School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China

    Kun Wang

  10. State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China

    Le Zhang

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Ou, Q., Qian, SP., Hoernle, K. et al. Magmatic processes within the plumbing system of the ultraslow-spreading southwest Indian ridge: constraints from olivine, plagioclase and melt inclusions. Contrib Mineral Petrol 179, 20 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-024-02098-0

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