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Re–Os isotope evidence from Mesozoic and Cenozoic basalts for secular evolution of the mantle beneath the North China Craton

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Abstract

The mechanism and process of lithospheric thinning beneath the North China Craton (NCC) are still debated. A key criterion in distinguishing among the proposed mechanisms is whether associated continental basalts were derived from the thinning lithospheric mantle or upwelling asthenosphere. Herein, we investigate the possible mechanisms of lithospheric thinning based on a systematic Re–Os isotopic study of Mesozoic to Cenozoic basalts from the NCC. Our whole-rock Re–Os isotopic results indicate that the Mesozoic basalts generally have high Re and Os concentrations that vary widely from 97.2 to 839.4 ppt and 74.4 to 519.6 ppt, respectively. They have high initial 187Os/188Os ratios ranging from 0.1513 to 0.3805, with corresponding variable γOs(t) values (+20 to +202). In contrast, the Re–Os concentrations and radiogenic Os isotope compositions of the Cenozoic basalts are typically lower than those of the Mesozoic basalts. The lowest initial 187Os/188Os ratios of the Cenozoic basalts are 0.1465 and 0.1479, with corresponding γOs(t) values of +15 and +16, which are within the range of ocean island basalts. These new Re–Os isotopic results, combined with the findings of previous studies, indicate that the Mesozoic basalts were a hybrid product of the melting of pyroxenite and peridotite in ancient lithospheric mantle beneath the NCC. The Cenozoic basalts were derived mainly from upwelling asthenosphere mixed with small amounts of lithospheric materials. The marked differences in geochemistry between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic basalts suggest a greatly reduced involvement of lithospheric mantle as the magma source from the Mesozoic to the Cenozoic. The subsequent lithospheric thinning of the NCC and replacement by upwelling asthenospheric mantle resulted in a change to asthenosphere-derived Cenozoic basalts.

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Fig. 1

(modified from Gao et al. 2008 and Liu et al. 2008)

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Sonja Aulbach and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive and thoughtful reviews which greatly improved the manuscript. Dr. Fazil Rafiq and Jochen Hoefs are thanked for their helpful comments and editorial handing. We thank Jian-Bin Wu for his help in Re–Os isotopic analyses. This research was supported by National Key Research and Development Project of China (project 2016YFC0600304 and 2016YFC0600305), the Natural Science Foundation of China (41673008, 41421062, 41603033, 41373030 and 41573024), the Major State Basic Research Program of the People’s Republic of China (2015CB452602), and the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB03010300).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

    Feng Huang & Ji-Feng Xu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People’s Republic of China

    Feng Huang, Ji-Feng Xu, Jie Li & Jian-Lin Chen

  3. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People’s Republic of China

    Yong-Sheng Liu

  4. Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, Ministry of Education, and College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, People’s Republic of China

    Xi-Yao Li

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Correspondence to Ji-Feng Xu.

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Huang, F., Xu, JF., Liu, YS. et al. Re–Os isotope evidence from Mesozoic and Cenozoic basalts for secular evolution of the mantle beneath the North China Craton. Contrib Mineral Petrol 172, 28 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-017-1342-4

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