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The heterogeneous orogenic lithospheric mantle: whole rock and mineral geochemical evidence from early Paleozoic mafic intrusives in the Qilian orogen, China

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Abstract

Mantle heterogeneity is caused by recycling of crustal materials into the mantle, and mafic arc magmatism provides important imformation on the nature of crust–mantle interaction. Here we undertake an integrated study of whole rock major-trace elements and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes, in-situ zircon U–Pb ages and Hf–O isotopes as well as mineral major-trace elements and clinopyroxene Sr isotopes for mafic intrusives in the Qilian orogen. The studied Jinyuan and Jishishan mafic igneous rocks show consistent zircon U–Pb ages of ca. 448–450 Ma. They all display arc-like trace element distribution patterns, relatively depleted Sr–Nd isotope compositions, and variably high zircon O isotopes. In comparison, the Jinyuan mafic igneous rocks have less depleted Sr–Nd–Hf and higher O isotope compositions than the Jishishan mafic rocks. These geochemicial features indicate they originated from a heterogeneous orogenic lithospheric mantle source, which resulted from the incorporation of variable crustal materials into the mantle. Model calculations confirm that the heterogeneous mantle source would be generated by reaction of the mantle wedge peridotite with different proportions of the subducting Proto–Tethyan oceanic crust-derived aqueous solutions and sediment-derived hydrous melts. Partial melting of the heterogeneous mantle source would generate different batches of mafic melts, which led to magma mixing and recharge processes prior to emplacement as evidenced by mineral compositional zonings. Therefore, in addition to heterogeneous crust–mantle interaction during oceanic subduction, magmatic processes such as magma recharge and mixing may also contribute to the petrogenesis of arc igneous rocks above the oceanic subduction zone.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by funds from the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB41000000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (92055209, 41888101), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Science (Y201980), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. Thanks are due to Li−Tao Ma, Min Ji and Guo−Chao Sun for their assistance with fieldwork, to Yueheng Yang and Jinhui Yang for their assistance with whole−rock radiogenic Sr−Nd−Hf isotope analysis, to Qiuli Li for the assistance with SIMS zircon in−situ O isotope analysis, and to Haiou Gu for his assistance with zircon Hf isotope analysis. We are grateful to Editor Hans Keppler, Chao Wang and an anonymous reviewer for their comments that greatly helped in the improvement of the presentation.

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  1. CAS Key Laboratory of Crust–Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China

    Qi Chen, Li-Qun Dai, Zi-Fu Zhao, Yong-Fei Zheng & Yao Zhou

  2. Center of Excellence for Comparative Planetology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Hefei, 230026, China

    Li-Qun Dai, Zi-Fu Zhao & Yong-Fei Zheng

  3. Frontiers Science Center for Planetary Exploration and Emerging Technologies, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China

    Li-Qun Dai & Zi-Fu Zhao

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Chen, Q., Dai, LQ., Zhao, ZF. et al. The heterogeneous orogenic lithospheric mantle: whole rock and mineral geochemical evidence from early Paleozoic mafic intrusives in the Qilian orogen, China. Contrib Mineral Petrol 177, 104 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-022-01970-1

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