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Episodic refertilization and metasomatism of Archean mantle: evidence from an orogenic peridotite in North Qaidam (NE Tibet, China)

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Abstract

Episodic refertilization and metasomatism of depleted subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) is rarely revealed within a single orogenic peridotite. We have investigated the Shenglikou peridotite massif in the North Qaidam Orogen (NE Tibet, China) to understand its origin and secular re-enrichment history and possible links with global tectonism, using multiple chemical and isotopic techniques. The massif contains two main groups of rocks, one rich in olivine (Ol) and the other rich in pyroxene (Pyro). In situ Re–Os isotope analyses on sulfides and previous reported whole-rock Os data show the Shenglikou peridotite massif has an Archean origin. The Ol-rich group has Mg# up to 0.923, Al2O3 contents down to 0.55 wt%, low FeO contents, whole-rock HREE ~0.01–0.1 times chondritic values and high spinel Cr# (up to 0.71). Modeling suggests that the Ol-rich peridotites are residues after ~30–40 % melt extraction at ~1600–1500 °C and ≤5 GPa. Mineral compositions, oxygen-isotope compositions (δ18OV-SMOW = 5.7 ± 0.1 ‰) and attainment of Hf-isotope internal equilibration at ~1.5–1.4 Ga with initial ratios similar to that of depleted convective mantle indicate that the Ol-rich group was refertilized by silicate melts derived from the depleted asthenosphere at ~1.5–1.4 Ga, corresponding to one phase in the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent. On the other hand, chemical compositions and Hf–O isotopic signatures of the pyroxene-rich rocks suggest a second refertilization superimposed on the Archean lithospheric mantle at ~700 Ma, coeval with the global extension that affected Rodinia. Both groups show metasomatism by fluids, sourced from subducting slabs during the early Paleozoic convergence between the Qaidam and Qilian blocks. This study shows that the episodic refertilization and metasomatism of depleted Archean SCLM, temporally linked to supercontinental cycles, can be revealed in a single orogenic peridotite, and suggests that continental extension and convergence play an important role in the destruction of cratonic keels.

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Acknowledgments

We thank P. Wieland, W. Powell, D. Adams and K. Grant (CCFS/GEMOC, Macquarie University) for their assistance with the major, trace element and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic analyses and thank Drs. L. Martin and J. Cliff (CCFS/CMCA, University of Western Australia) for oxygen isotopic analyses using CAMECA SIMS 1280. This manuscript benefited greatly from the constructive and significant comments from reviewers Drs. S. Aulbach and V. Le Roux, and we thank the Editors J. Hoefs and T.L. Grove for other suggestions. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (41130315 and 91214204), the Fund for Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation (CUG), ARC Discovery Project and Centre of Excellence Grants (SYO’R and WLG), a Macquarie University International Postgraduate Scholarship and a scholarship from Chinese Scholarship Council. This study used instrumentation funded by ARC LIEF and DEST Systemic Infrastructure Grants, Macquarie University. This is contribution 591 from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems (www.ccfs.mq.edu.au) and 990 from the GEMOC Key Centre (www.gemoc.mq.edu.au).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Qing Xiong & Jian-Ping Zheng

  2. ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems (CCFS) and GEMOC National Key Centre, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia

    Qing Xiong, William L. Griffin, Suzanne Y. O’Reilly & Norman J. Pearson

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  1. Qing Xiong
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  2. William L. Griffin
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  3. Jian-Ping Zheng
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  4. Suzanne Y. O’Reilly
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  5. Norman J. Pearson
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Correspondence to Qing Xiong or Jian-Ping Zheng.

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Communicated by Timothy L. Grove.

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Xiong, Q., Griffin, W.L., Zheng, JP. et al. Episodic refertilization and metasomatism of Archean mantle: evidence from an orogenic peridotite in North Qaidam (NE Tibet, China). Contrib Mineral Petrol 169, 31 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-015-1126-7

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