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Enrichments of the mantle sources beneath the Southern Volcanic Zone (Andes) by fluids and melts derived from abraded upper continental crust

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Abstract

Mafic basaltic-andesitic volcanic rocks from the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ) exhibit a northward increase in crustal components in primitive arc magmas from the Central through the Transitional and Northern SVZ segments. New elemental and Sr–Nd-high-precision Pb isotope data from the Quaternary arc volcanic centres of Maipo (NSVZ) and Infernillo and Laguna del Maule (TSVZ) are argued to reflect mainly their mantle source and its melting. For the C-T-NSVZ, we identify two types of source enrichment: one, represented by Antuco in CSVZ, but also present northward along the arc, was dominated by fluids which enriched a pre-metasomatic South Atlantic depleted MORB mantle type asthenosphere. The second enrichment was by melts having the characteristics of upper continental crust (UCC), distinctly different from Chile trench sediments. We suggest that granitic rocks entered the source mantle by means of subduction erosion in response to the northward increasingly strong coupling of the converging plates. Both types of enrichment had the same Pb isotope composition in the TSVZ with no significant component derived from the subducting oceanic crust. Pb–Sr–Nd isotopes indicate a major crustal compositional change at the southern end of the NSVZ. Modelling suggests addition of around 2 % UCC for Infernillo and 5 % for Maipo.

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Acknowledgments

We enjoyed the company in the field and discussions of earlier versions of the manuscript with Mads Alfastsen, Frederik E. Brandt, Erik V. Sørensen and Helene H. Jørgensen. Anne C. K. Pedersen and Matthijs Smit are thanked for help with the microprobe analyses. Jørgen Kystol, GEUS, is acknowledged for ICP-MS analyses. We are grateful for the constructive comments of the two reviewers, Suzanne Mahlburg Kay and Charles Stern. This work was supported by the Carlsberg Foundation Grant No. 2010_01_0833 and the Danish Council for Independent Research/Natural Sciences Grant No. 0602-01304B.

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  1. Mia Rohde Nielsen

    Present address: Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark

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  1. Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Paul Martin Holm, Nina Søager, Charlotte Thorup Dyhr & Mia Rohde Nielsen

  2. GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Wischhofsstraße 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany

    Nina Søager

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Holm, P.M., Søager, N., Dyhr, C.T. et al. Enrichments of the mantle sources beneath the Southern Volcanic Zone (Andes) by fluids and melts derived from abraded upper continental crust. Contrib Mineral Petrol 167, 1004 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-014-1004-8

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