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The role of NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasomes in the etiopathogeneses of pityriasis lichenoides chronica and mycosis fungoides: an immunohistochemical study

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Abstract

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common subtype of primary cutaneous T cell lymphomas, whereas pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder. The inflammasome is a part of the natural immune system which has a multimeric structure consisting of the receptor, adaptor and effector protein that show specificity for various ligands or activators. After the activation of the inflammasome complex, caspase 1 becomes activated which subsequently triggers interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production. In our study we aimed to examine the roles of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 1 (NLRP1) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain (NLRP3) inflammasomes in the etiopathogeneses of PLC and MF. NLRP1, NLRP3, caspase 1, IL-18 and IL-1β levels were examined and compared immunohistochemically in the skin biopsies belonging to 16 control patients; 16 PLC cases, 12 cases with stage 1 MF and 12 cases with other stages of MF (stage 2–4). In the paired comparisons of NLRP1, stage 2–4 MF group and PLC group were shown to have increased levels of NLRP1 expression compared to the control group. IL-1β was also expressed at statistically significantly higher levels in each of the stage 1 MF, stage 2–4 MF and PLC groups compared to the control group. In the paired comparisons of caspase 1 and IL-18, it was found that stage 1 MF, stage 2–4 MF and PLC groups had increased levels of expression compared to the control group. Our findings suggest that the NLRP1 inflammasome pathway might play a role in the etiopathogenesis and progression of PLC and MF.

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Data sharing statement

The data sets used and/or analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully thank Cem Yavrum and Rasimcan Meral for their help with statistical analysis and graphs; Ziya Birinci for performing immunohistochemical stainings and also Alper Kalyoncu for meticulous editing of the manuscript.

Funding

The present study was supported by the Turkish Society of Dermatology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye-Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey

    Ecem Bostan & Nilgun Atakan

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

    Ozay Gokoz

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  1. Ecem Bostan
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Correspondence to Ecem Bostan.

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Bostan, E., Gokoz, O. & Atakan, N. The role of NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasomes in the etiopathogeneses of pityriasis lichenoides chronica and mycosis fungoides: an immunohistochemical study. Arch Dermatol Res 315, 231–239 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-022-02363-x

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