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Laparoscopic versus robotic-assisted colectomy and rectal resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract

Purpose

Lately, the main technical innovations in the field of colorectal surgery have been the introduction of laparoscopic and robotic techniques; the aim of this study is to investigate the results and the advantages of these two surgical approaches.

Methods

Twenty-two studies including 1652 laparoscopic and 1120 robotic-assisted resections were analyzed and categorized into right, left, and pelvic resections of the middle/low rectum, aiming to the following outcomes: operating time, blood loss, bowel function recovery, return to oral intake, morbidity, hospital stay, and costs.

Results

The vast majority of the studies were non-randomized investigations (19/22 studies) enrolling small cohorts of patients (median 55.0 laparoscopic and 34.5 robotic-assisted group) with a mean age of 62.2–61.0 years. Funnel plot analysis documented heterogeneity in studies which combined cancers and benign diseases.

Our meta-analysis demonstrated a significant difference in favor of laparoscopic procedures regarding costs and operating time (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.686 and 0.493) and in favor of robotic surgery concerning morbidity rate (odds ratio (OR) 0.763), although no benefits were documented when analyzing exclusively randomized trials. When we differentiated approaches by side of resections, a significant difference was found in favor of the laparoscopic group when analyzing operating time in left-sided and pelvic procedures (SMD 0.609 and 0.529) and blood loss in pelvic resections (SMD 0.339).

Conclusion

Laparoscopic techniques were documented as the shorter procedures, which provided lower blood loss in pelvic resections, while morbidity rate was more favorable in robotic surgery. However, these results could not be confirmed when we focused the analysis on randomized trials only.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Mr. Michael Gerald Kenyon for his help in editing the manuscript.

Conflict of interest

None of the authors has any potential financial conflict of interest related to this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Surgical and Medical Department of Traslational Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035-39, 00189, Rome, Italy

    Laura Lorenzon, Genoveffa Balducci, Mario Ferri & Pier Federico Salvi

  2. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy

    Fabiano Bini & Franco Marinozzi

Authors
  1. Laura Lorenzon
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  2. Fabiano Bini
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  3. Genoveffa Balducci
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Correspondence to Laura Lorenzon.

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Lorenzon, L., Bini, F., Balducci, G. et al. Laparoscopic versus robotic-assisted colectomy and rectal resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 31, 161–173 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-015-2394-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-015-2394-4

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