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Large-scale urbanization effects on eastern Asian summer monsoon circulation and climate

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Abstract

Impacts of large-scale urbanization over eastern China on East Asian summer monsoon circulation and climate are investigated by comparing three 25-year climate simulations with and without incorporating modified land cover maps reflecting two different idealized large-scale urbanization scenarios. The global atmospheric general circulation model CAM4.0 that includes an urban canopy parameterization scheme is employed in this study. The large-scale urbanization over eastern China leads to a significant warming over most of the expanded urban areas, characterized by an increase of 3 K for surface skin temperature, 2.25 K for surface air temperature, significant warming of both daily minimum and daily maximum air temperatures, and 0.4 K for the averaged urban–rural temperature difference. The urbanization is also accompanied by an increase in surface sensible heat flux, a decrease of the net surface shortwave and long-wave radiation, and an enhanced surface thermal heating to the atmosphere in most Eastern Asia areas. It is noted that the responses of the East Asian summer monsoon circulation exhibits an evident month-to-month variation. Across eastern China, the summer monsoon in early summer is strengthened by the large-scale urbanization, but weakened (intensified) over southern (northern) part of East Asia in late summer. Meanwhile, early summer precipitation is intensified in northern and northeastern China and suppressed in south of ~35°N, but late summer precipitation is evidently suppressed over northeast China, the Korean Peninsula and Japan with enhancements in southern China, the South China Sea, and the oceanic region south and southeast of the Taiwan Island. This study highlights the evidently distinct month-to-month responses of the monsoon system to the large-scale urbanization, which might be attributed to different basic states, internal feedbacks (cloud, rainfall) as well as a dynamic adjustment of the atmosphere. Further investigation is required to understand the dynamic mechanisms by which a large-scale urbanization in China affects eastern Asian climate and summer monsoon circulation, especially possible internal feedbacks relevant to the sub-seasonal changes of the monsoon system.

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Acknowledgments

This work was jointly supported by NSFC (41230422), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB428505) and Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). NCEP/NCAR reanalysis were obtained from http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.html and CMAP data from http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.cmap.html. We also thank Profs. Yiming Liu and Riyu Lu (IAP, China), Xiaolei Zou and Yan Ma (NUIST, China), Laurent Li (LMD, France) and Jie Song (Northern Illinois University, USA) for insightful discussion and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.

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  1. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Ningliu Road 219, Nanjing, 210044, China

    Haishan Chen, Miao Yu, Wenjian Hua, Xing Li & Chujie Gao

  2. Hebei Provincial Meteorological Observatory, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China

    Ye Zhang

  3. Applied Hydrometeorological Research Institute, NUIST, Nanjing, 210044, China

    Shanlei Sun

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Chen, H., Zhang, Y., Yu, M. et al. Large-scale urbanization effects on eastern Asian summer monsoon circulation and climate. Clim Dyn 47, 117–136 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2827-3

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