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Glucocorticoids in the management of peritumoral brain edema: a review of molecular mechanisms

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Abstract

Peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) is mediated by blood-brain barrier breakdown. PTBE results from interstitial vasogenic brain edema due to vascular endothelial growth factor and other inflammatory products of brain tumors. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the mainstay for treatment of PTBE despite significant systemic side effects. GCs are thought to affect multiple cell types in the edematous brain. Here, we review preclinical studies of GC effects on edematous brain and review mechanisms underlying GC action on tumor cells, endothelial cells, and astrocytes. GCs may reduce tumor cell viability and suppress vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in tumor cells. Modulation of expression and distribution of tight junction proteins occludin, claudin-5, and ZO-1 in endothelial cells likely plays a central role in GC action on endothelial cells. GCs may also have an effect on astrocyte angiopoietin production and limited effect on astrocyte aquaporin. A better understanding of these molecular mechanisms may lead to the development of novel therapeutics for management of PTBE with a better side effect profile.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Marsha Merrill, PhD, for discussions and historical insights. This study was funded by the intramural research program of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). This research was also made possible through the NIH Medical Research Scholars Program, a public-private partnership supported jointly by the NIH and generous contributions to the Foundation for the NIH. The authors thank Ethan Tyler from the Medical Arts Branch of the NIH Clinical Center for the illustration.

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  1. Surgical Neurology Branch, Neurosurgery Unit for Pituitary and Inheritable Diseases, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 3D20, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1414, USA

    Roger Murayi & Prashant Chittiboina

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  1. Roger Murayi
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  2. Prashant Chittiboina
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Correspondence to Prashant Chittiboina.

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Murayi, R., Chittiboina, P. Glucocorticoids in the management of peritumoral brain edema: a review of molecular mechanisms. Childs Nerv Syst 32, 2293–2302 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-016-3240-x

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