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Biochar accelerates soil organic carbon mineralization via rhizodeposit-activated Actinobacteria

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Abstract

Biochar affects soil carbon (C) dynamics via shifting microbial community, but the active bacteria that regulate the rhizosphere-based C cycling remain to be identified. Here, a continuous 13CO2 labeling pot (Zea mays L.) experiment over 14 days, combined with RNA-based stable isotope probing (RNA-SIP), were used to characterize the active bacterial communities involved in the mineralization of rhizodeposits and soil organic C (SOC) in biochar-amended soil. Compared with the non-amended soil, biochar shifted the rhizosphere communities towards having lower richness and evenness, and particularly stimulated the growth of Actinobacteria (e.g., genus affiliated to Micrococcaceae) and other oligotrophs, most likely due to neutralizing soil acidity (from 4.53 to 6.17) and increasing content of recalcitrant organic C (from 10.69 to 25.77 g·kg−1). These enriched genera were associated with mineralization of both rhizodeposits and SOC, giving 35.09% and 87.28% increased mineralization of rhizodeposits and SOC. This led to much less (by 58.50% decrease) incorporation of 13C into biochar-amended soil. This study deciphered the active microorganisms in the biochar-soil–plant system that likely increased SOC and rhizodeposit mineralization (fewer rhizodeposits remaining), and thus diminished C sequestration by biochar per se.

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Abbreviations

SOC:

Soil organic carbon

LOC:

Labile organic carbon

IOC:

Intermediate organic carbon

ROC:

Recalcitrant organic carbon

RNA-SIP:

RNA-based stable isotope probing

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Funding

This study was supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Number of R19D010005, and National Science Foundation of China (U1901601).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Yingyi Fu, Yu Luo, Muhammad Auwal & Jianming Xu

  2. NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia

    Bhupinder Pal Singh

  3. NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, Wollongbar, NSW, 2477, Australia

    Lukas Van Zwieten

Authors
  1. Yingyi Fu
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  2. Yu Luo
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  3. Muhammad Auwal
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  4. Bhupinder Pal Singh
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  5. Lukas Van Zwieten
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  6. Jianming Xu
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Contributions

Y.L. designed the research. Y.Y.F. contributed to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data and drafted the manuscript, and all authors were involved in revising the manuscript and approving the final version.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yu Luo.

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Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Open research statement

Sequencing data are available from the NCBI under the study accession number: SUB10465147.

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Fu, Y., Luo, Y., Auwal, M. et al. Biochar accelerates soil organic carbon mineralization via rhizodeposit-activated Actinobacteria. Biol Fertil Soils 58, 565–577 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-022-01643-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-022-01643-y

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