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Variations in the composition of tea leaves and soil microbial community

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Abstract

An analysis of soil chemical properties and microbial community compositions in spring, summer, and autumn over a growing season was conducted at three tea farms managed using the same cultivation method on Jeju Island, Korea. The contents of SOM (soil organic matter), TC (total C), TN (total N), TS (total S), potassium (K+), and lithium (Li+) increased from spring to autumn, and significant differences were observed among tea farms. Across all tea farms, the dominant bacterial phyla were Gammaproteobacteria (25.84 ± 1.66%), Alphaproteobacteria (17.99 ± 0.51%), Actinobacteria (18.38 ± 1.29%), and Acidobacteria (14.49 ± 0.79%), and the dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota (45.16 ± 1.57%), Basidiomycota (26.76 ± 1.79%), and Mortierellomycota (23.59 ± 2.43%). We found distinct differences in the composition of the bacterial community among tea farms, whereas strong seasonal variations were observed in the composition of the fungal community. Important factors in determination of the bacterial relative abundance included water content, SOM, soil pH, EC (electrical conductivity), and contents of DOC (dissolved organic C), ammonium (NH4+), calcium (Ca2+), K+, and magnesium (Mg2+); however, only EC, DOC, and nitrate (NO3−) were important factors in the fungal relative abundance. The differences in soil chemical properties and microbial community compositions among tea farms could be attributed to the differences in environmental factors depending on the geographic location of tea farms. Seasonal variations in the contents of chemical components of tea leaves, such as catechins, total amino acids, theanine, and caffeine, were greater than the differences among the farms. The quality parameters of tea showed significant correlation with soil fungal diversity indices, indicating the possibility for use of soil fungal diversity as a biological indicator of tea quality.

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Data availability

Sequence data is available from the authors upon request. The dataset reported in this study has been deposited in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database (Accession number [PRJNA759091] and [PRJNA759080]).

Code availability

Not applicable.

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Funding

This research has been supported by funds from the AMOREPACIFIC CORPORATION and the Ministry of Education of Korea (2020R1I1A2072824). JK was supported by the fellowship funded by the Ministry of Education of Korea (2019R1A6A3A01091184).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea

    Yerang Yang, Jinhyun Kim & Hojeong Kang

  2. Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin-si, 1920, Yonggu-daero, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea

    Jin-Oh Chung, Donghyun Cho, Jong-Hwa Roh, Yong-Deog Hong & Wan-Gi Kim

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  1. Yerang Yang
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  2. Jinhyun Kim
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  3. Jin-Oh Chung
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  4. Donghyun Cho
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  6. Yong-Deog Hong
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  7. Wan-Gi Kim
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  8. Hojeong Kang
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Contributions

YY, JK, and HK designed the research; YY and JK conducted the experiments; JOC and DC assisted in sampling; JHR, YDH, and WKK contributed to data collection; YY wrote the manuscript; JK, JOC, DC, and HK revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hojeong Kang.

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Yang, Y., Kim, J., Chung, JO. et al. Variations in the composition of tea leaves and soil microbial community. Biol Fertil Soils 58, 167–179 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-021-01615-8

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