Abstract
The variable density and speed of sound vessel produces subsonic turbulent flows that are compressible and in which turbulent fluctuations can be resolved at all scales with existing instrumentation including hot wires and particle tracking. We realize this objective by looking at the flow of a heavy gas (sulfur hexafluoride SF6), with a speed of sound almost three times lower than for air. By switching between air and SF6, we isolate the influence of the turbulent Mach number (up to \(M_t\) = 0.17) on turbulence statistics from the influences of changes in the Reynolds number (up to \(R_{\lambda }\) = 1600) and boundary conditions, which we hold constant. A free shear flow is produced by a ducted fan, and we show that it behaves like a turbulent jet in that the mean velocity profiles approach self-similarity with increasing distance from the orifice (up to \(x/D_f\) = 9). The jet responds like a compressible shear layer in that it spreads more slowly at higher Mach numbers (up to \(M_j\) = 0.7) than at low Mach numbers. In contrast, the integral length scales and Kolmogorov constant of the turbulence are approximately invariant with respect to changes in either the Reynolds or Mach numbers. We briefly report on instrumentation under development that will extend the accessible Taylor-scale Reynolds and turbulent Mach numbers to 4000 and 0.3, respectively.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to N. Dam and W. van de Water for the pressure vessel and for assistance from D. Donzis, L. Mydlarski, and M. Ulinski. The authors also thank J. John, E. Liu, and H. Rivera for helpful discussions, a team of Master’s students including E. Bair, A. Berberian, D. Cohen, D. Feng, T. Green, B. Oster, and K. Rajsky for designing, manufacturing, and testing elements of the facility, and a team of undergraduates including Y. Atiq, S. Bell, W. Chan, M. Chen, S. DePue, C. Kartawira, A. Ramos Figueroa, K. Roberts, and C. Vahn for their help with data collection and experimental setup.
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Manzano-Miura, N., Gloutak, D. & Bewley, G.P. Characterization of a turbulent flow with independent variation of Mach and Reynolds numbers. Exp Fluids 63, 44 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-022-03390-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-022-03390-0