Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Flow and acoustic characteristics of non-axisymmetric jets at subsonic conditions

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Experiments in Fluids Aims and scope Submit manuscript

An Erratum to this article was published on 22 May 2017

This article has been updated

Abstract

Flow and acoustic behavior of two asymmetric, rectangular (AR = 4) and elliptic (AR = 2.5), jets are studied and compared to an equivalent area round jet. The jets are operated at a Mach number of 0.9 and temperature ratio of 1. Time-averaged flow field measurements are carried out using planar and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry. In addition, far-field microphone measurements are performed to compare jet acoustics. Mean flow field results demonstrate that for the given Mach number and aspect ratios, rectangular and elliptic jet properties are somewhat modified compared to the round jet. The elliptic jet exhibits properties that are intermediate between two geometric extremes. Moderately enhanced mixing in asymmetric jets as a result of weak streamwise vortices is evidenced by overall shorter potential core, faster centerline velocity decay, and higher shear layer growth rates. Centerline turbulence levels and transverse shear stress distribution also show enhanced fluctuations for non-circular jets. Compared to their major axis planes, relatively higher turbulence levels are measured in the minor axis planes for both rectangular and elliptic jets. Far-field acoustic measurements reveal the asymmetric nature of the sound field. Compared to the round jet, major axis orientation for asymmetric jets is observed to provide moderate acoustic benefit in the downstream direction. However, enhanced fluctuations in the minor axis plane result in a marginal noise augmentation at moderate to high frequencies in this plane for downstream polar angles.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

Change history

  • 22 May 2017

    An erratum to this article has been published.

References

  • Alkislar M, Krothapalli A, Lourenco L (2003) Structure of a screeching rectangular jet: a stereoscopic particle image velocimetry study. J Fluid Mech 489:121–154

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bradshaw P (1987) Turbulent secondary flows. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 19(1):53–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bridges J, Wernet M, Brown C (2003) Control of jet noise through mixing enhancement. NASA Report No NASA/TM 212335

  • Bridges JE (2012) Acoustic measurements of rectangular nozzles with bevel. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Fairview Park

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bridges JE, Wernet MP (2015) Turbulence measurements of rectangular nozzles with bevel. In: 53rd AIAA Aerospace sciences meeting, p 0228

  • Callaghan EE, Coles WD (1957) Far noise field of air jets and jet engines. NACA report 1329

  • Capone FJ (1975) Supercirculation effects induced by vectoring a partial-span rectangular jet. J Aircr 12(8):633–638

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coles WD (1959) Jet-engine exhaust noise from slot nozzles, vol 60. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Craft J, Upadhyay P, Worden TJ, Alvi FS (2016) Characterization and validation of an anechoic facility for high-temperature jet noise studies. In: 46th AIAA fluid dynamics conference, p 3800

  • Goss AE, Veltin J, Lee J, McLaughlin DK (2009) Acoustic measurements of high-speed jets from rectangular nozzle with thrust vectoring. AIAA J 47(6):1482–1490

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grinstein FF (2001) Vortex dynamics and entrainment in rectangular free jets. J Fluid Mech 437:69–101

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Gutmark E, Grinstein F (1999) Flow control with noncircular jets 1. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 31(1):239–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hiley P, Wallacet H, Booz D (1976) Nonaxisymmetric nozzles installed in advanced fighter aircraft. J Aircr 13(12):1000–1006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ho C, Gutmark E (1987) Vortex induction and mass entrainment in a small-aspect-ratio elliptic jet. J Fluid Mech 179:383–405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Husain HS, Hussain F (1993) Elliptic jets. Part 3. Dynamics of preferred mode coherent structure. J Fluid Mech 248:315–361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hussain F, Husain H (1989) Elliptic jets. Part 1. Characteristics of unexcited and excited jets. J Fluid Mech 208:257–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jordan P, Colonius T (2013) Wave packets and turbulent jet noise. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 45:173–195

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JH, Samimy M (1999) Mixing enhancement via nozzle trailing edge modifications in a high speed rectangular jet. Phys Fluids (1994-present) 11(9):2731–2742

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Kinzie KW (1995) Aeroacoustic properties of moderate reynolds number elliptic and rectangular supersonic jets. PhD Thesis, Pennsylvania State University

  • Kinzie KW, McLaughlin DK (1999) Aeroacoustic properties of supersonic elliptic jets. J Fluid Mech 395:1–28

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Krothapalli A, Baganoff D, Karamcheti K (1981) On the mixing of a rectangular jet. J Fluid Mech 107:201–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mollo-Christensen E, Kolpin MA, Martuccelli JR (1964) Experiments on jet flows and jet noise far-field spectra and directivity patterns. J Fluid Mech 18(02):285–301

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Moore C (1977) The role of shear-layer instability waves in jet exhaust noise. J Fluid Mech 80(02):321–367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morris PJ (2009) A note on noise generation by large scale turbulent structures in subsonic and supersonic jets. Int J Aeroacoust 8(4):301–315

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morris PJ, Bhat TR (1995) The spatial stability of compressible elliptic jets. Phys Fluids (1994-present) 7(1):185–194

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Papamoschou D, Roshko A (1988) The compressible turbulent shear layer: an experimental study. J fluid Mech 197:453–477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quinn W (1994) Development of a large-aspect-ratio rectangular turbulent free jet. AIAA J 32(3):547–554

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Reba R, Simonich J, Schlinker R (2009) Sound radiated by large-scale wave-packets in subsonic and supersonic jets. AIAA Pap 3256:11–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Seiner JM, Ponton MK (1992) Supersonic acoustic source mechanisms for free jets of various geometries. In: In AGARD, Combat Aircraft Noise 12 p (SEE N93-10666 01-71), vol 1

  • Sfeir A (1976) The velocity and temperature fields of rectangular jets. Int J Heat Mass Transf 19(11):1289–1297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sfeir A (1979) Investigation of three-dimensional turbulent rectangular jets. AIAA J 17(10):1055–1060

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sforza P, Steiger M, Trentacoste N (1966) Studies on three-dimensional viscous jets. AIAA J 4(5):800–806

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shih C, Krothapalli A, Gogineni S (1992) Experimental observations of instability modes in a rectangular jet. AIAA J 30(10):2388–2394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simonich J, Narayanan S, Barber T, Nishimura M (2001) Aeroacoustic characterization, noise reduction, and dimensional scaling effects of high subsonic jets. AIAA J 39(11):2062–2069

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tam C, Zaman K (2000) Subsonic jet noise from nonaxisymmetric and tabbed nozzles. AIAA J 38(4):592–599

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tam C, Golebiowski M, Seiner J (1996) On the two components of turbulent mixing noise from supersonic jets. In: Aeroacoustics conference, p 1716

  • Tam CK, Viswanathan K, Ahuja K, Panda J (2008) The sources of jet noise: experimental evidence. J Fluid Mech 615:253–292

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Trentacoste N, Sforza P (1968) Some remarks on three-dimensional wakes and jets. AIAA J 6(12):2454–2456

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsuchiya Y, Horikoshi C (1986) On the spread of rectangular jets. Exp Fluids 4(4):197–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valentich G, Upadhyay P, Kumar R (2016) Mixing characteristics of a moderate aspect ratio screeching supersonic rectangular jet. Exp Fluids 57(5):1–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valentich GM (2016) Flow field and acoustic characterization of non-axisymmetric jets. Master’s Thesis, Florida State University

  • Veltin J, McLaughlin D (2009) Flow field and acoustic measurements of rectangular supersonic jets. 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meething and Exhibit

  • Viswanath K, Johnson R, Corrigan A (2016) Noise characteristics of a rectangular vs circular nozzle for ideally expanded jet flow. AIAA Pap 1638:2016

    Google Scholar 

  • Wieneke B (2015) PIV uncertainty quantification from correlation statistics. Meas Sci Technol 26(7):074002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaman K (1996) Axis switching and spreading of an asymmetric jet: the role of coherent structure dynamics. J Fluid Mech 316:1–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaman K (1999) Spreading characteristics of compressible jets from nozzles of various geometries. J Fluid Mech 383:197–228

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zaman K (1994) Effect of ‘delta tabs’ on mixing and axis switching in jets from asymmetric nozzles, vol 106450. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washingdon, DC

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation for providing partial support for the research. The authors would also like to thank Florida Center for Advanced Aero-Propulsion for its support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Florida State University, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2003 Levy Ave, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA

    Puja Upadhyay, Griffin Valentich, Rajan Kumar & Farrukh Alvi .

Authors
  1. Puja Upadhyay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Griffin Valentich
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rajan Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Farrukh Alvi .
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Puja Upadhyay.

Additional information

The original version of this article was revised: Figures 5 and 6 were incorrect and they have been corrected.

An erratum to this article is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-017-2355-5.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Upadhyay, P., Valentich, G., Kumar, R. et al. Flow and acoustic characteristics of non-axisymmetric jets at subsonic conditions. Exp Fluids 58, 52 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-017-2340-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-017-2340-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation