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Three-dimensional flow field and acoustics of supersonic rectangular jets

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Abstract

Supersonic jets are known to produce complex flow fields containing high levels of turbulence, thin shear layers with large gradients, and elevated noise levels. One of the critical parameters that determine the characteristics of supersonic flow is the nozzle geometry. In this experimental study, supersonic jets produced by a rectangular converging-diverging (C-D) nozzle with an aspect ratio of 4 and a design Mach number of 1.44 are studied. A multitude of supersonic jet expansion conditions ranging from highly over-expanded jets to under-expanded jets are explored. High spatial resolution velocity field measurements are obtained using planar particle image velocimetry (PIV) to identify the mean flow field structures, including shocks and shear layers, within the minor and major axis planes along the nozzle centerline. In order to completely characterize the asymmetric nature of the rectangular jet flow field, direct volumetric measurements of the full three-dimensional velocity field are also obtained using Tomographic PIV. Apart from the time-averaged velocity field, measures of the turbulent kinetic energy and vorticity fields are also obtained from the statistically converged results. Through these detailed measurements, the shock cell structures, shear layer growth, and volumetric features such as corner vortices and shear layer coherent structures are elucidated at a very high level of fidelity and over a broad range of conditions. High-fidelity microphone measurements along the minor and major axes are also taken to provide complementary information on the aeroacoustics of supersonic rectangular jets. As expected, the sound generated by imperfectly expanded jets is found to contain strong screech tones and broadband shock-associated noise. The screech tone frequencies are found to be correlated with the fully expanded jet Mach number, with the degree and manner of jet expansion strongly affecting the aeroacoustic characteristics of the supersonic rectangular jets.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by an equipment grant (Grant Number: FA9550-17-1-0404) under the Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DURIP) administered through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) with Dr. Greg Abate as Program Manager. The first author was also partially supported through grants from the Office of Naval Research (ONR) with Dr. David Gonzalez as Program Manager, AFOSR, and the Florida Center for Advanced Aero-Propulsion.

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  1. Florida Center for Advanced Aero-Propulsion (FCAAP), Department of Mechanical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, The Florida State University, 2003 Levy Ave, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA

    Prabu Sellappan & Farrukh S. Alvi

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  1. Prabu Sellappan
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  2. Farrukh S. Alvi
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Correspondence to Prabu Sellappan.

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Sellappan, P., Alvi, F.S. Three-dimensional flow field and acoustics of supersonic rectangular jets. Exp Fluids 63, 20 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-021-03372-8

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