Abstract
Salinity poses a significant challenge to global wheat production. The screening of wheat cultivars for salt tolerance is essential for developing new varieties resilient to salinity and advancing breeding strategies. Identifying key traits from a myriad of morphological, physiological, and molecular markers in screening studies can enhance selection efficiency and expedite the process. In this study, 16 common wheat cultivars were subjected to 0 and 150 mM NaCl stress for ten days during the seedling stage. To assess the salinity tolerance of wheat cultivars comprehensively, we employed a diverse array of morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular markers, coupled with multivariate analysis. Salt stress resulted in reduced germination and seedling growth across most wheat cultivars. Notably, the ‘Ikizce-96’ and ‘Demir-2000’ genotypes exhibited a higher salinity tolerance index, with the least reduction in morpho-physiological parameters. These cultivars demonstrated elevated osmoregulator proline content and enhanced activity of reactive oxygen species-scavenging antioxidant enzymes. Under 150 mM NaCl, tolerant cultivars exhibited up-regulated transcript expression levels of TaHKT1;4, TaP5CS, and TaDHN marker genes compared to salt-sensitive cultivars. The accuracy of our findings was validated through principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and a correlation network. Proline content, glutathione reductase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity emerged as the most reliable indicators of salt tolerance in wheat under saline conditions. The identified salt-tolerant cultivars hold promise as donor parents in salinity tolerance breeding programs.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the Department of Breeding and Genetics, Central Research Institute for Field Crops, Ankara, Turkiye, for wheat seeds.
Funding
Funding was provided by the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, The Republic of Turkiye, (Grant No. TAGEM 15/AR-GE/56), FOSC project (Sus-Agri-CC) from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement 220N247 to MY, Strategic International Collaborative Research Program by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (Grant No. JPMJSC16C5) to TM, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists (Grant No. 20K15425) to MB, and grant for Promotion of KAAB Projects (Niigata University) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Technology (Japan).
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MA and MY designed the study; MA performed the experiment, data analysis, bioinformatics, and statistical analyses; MB, TM and MY provided feedback and valuable suggestions; MB and TM contributed to the conception of the work; MA wrote the first draft; and MB revised and finalized the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Supplementary file2 (PDF 1005 kb)—Fig. S1. Violin plot for all the measured traits of the 16 wheat cultivars subjected to normal and salinity treatments. (A) Germination percentage, (B) germination speed index, (C) seedling vigor index, (D) seedling height, (E) root length, (F) fresh weight, (G) dry matter, (H) chlorophyll a, (I) chlorophyll b, (J) total chlorophyll, (K) malondialdehyde, (L) proline contend, (M) catalase activity, (N) superoxide dismutase activity, and (O) glutathione reductase activity.
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Aycan, M., Baslam, M., Mitsui, T. et al. Assessing Contrasting Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars Responsiveness to Salinity at the Seedling Stage and Screening of Tolerance Marker Traits. J Plant Growth Regul (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11295-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11295-x