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Modulation of 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) Accumulation, Yield Formation and Antioxidant Attributes in Fragrant Rice by Exogenous Methylglyoxal (MG) Application

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Abstract

Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the physiological and biochemical effect of exogenous MG application on two fragrant rice cultivars, Meixiangzhan and Yuxiangyouzhan. The MG application included four treatments: 1 mmol·L–1 (MG1), 5 mmol·L–1 (MG5), and 10 mmol·L–1 (MG10), and deionized water as control (MG0). Results indicated that MG1 significantly increased the yield by 11.54–14.06% through promoting the seed-setting rate. Increases on grain 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) content at maturity were found in MG1. The contents of proline, Δ1-pyrrolin-5-carboxylic acid (P5C), pyrroline, and MG, and the activities of proline dehydrogenase (PDH), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), and Δ1-pyrrolin-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) in plant tissues at all sampling stage were also increased in MG1 than MG0. In addition, although the malondialdehyde (MDA) content at all sampling stage was increased by MG application, MG1 increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and soluble protein content in all plant tissues and the pigment content in leaves. However, high-level MG (10 mmol·L–1) application significantly decreased the yield and grain 2-AP content. Overall, this study suggested that exogenous MG application regulated the 2-AP accumulation, yield formation, and antioxidant attributes in fragrant rice, and that MG application at the concentration of 1 mmol·L–1 increased the 2-AP content.

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Abbreviations

MG:

Methylglyoxal

MG0:

Spraying deionized water

MG1:

Spraying 1 mmol·L–1 MG

MG5:

Spraying 5 mmol·L–1 MG

MG10:

Spraying 10 mmol·L–1 MG

2-AP:

2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline

PDH:

Proline dehydrogenase

OAT:

Ornithine aminotransferase

P5CS:

Δ1-Pyrrolin-5-carboxylate synthase

P5C:

Δ1-Pyrrolin-5-carboxylic acid

DAO:

Diamine oxidase

GABald:

γ-Aminobutyraldehyde

GABA:

γ-Aminobutyric acid

BADH:

Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase

AS:

After spraying

MS:

Maturity sage

ADW:

Above-ground dry weight

FW:

Fresh weight

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

POD:

Peroxidase

CAT:

Catalase

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank TopEdit (www.topeditsci.com) for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.

Funding

We acknowledge the funding provided by Research Start-up Fund for High-level Talents of Yulin Normal University (G2019ZK41 and G2019ZK42), Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi (2021GXNSFBA196084), College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (202010606045 and 202110606160).

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Author notes

  1. Siren Cheng, Zhenming Fang, and Chaochao Wang have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Biology and Pharmacy of Yulin, Normal University, Yulin, People’s Republic of China

    Siren Cheng, Zhengming Fang, Xianchao Cheng, Fuchun Huang, Chongyang Yan, Langshan Zhou, Xingqian Wu, Zhuwei Li & Yong Ren

  2. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin, People’s Republic of China

    Siren Cheng, Zhengming Fang & Yong Ren

  3. Hefei Customs District, Hefei, People’s Republic of China

    Chaochao Wang

Authors
  1. Siren Cheng
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  2. Zhengming Fang
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  3. Chaochao Wang
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  4. Xianchao Cheng
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  7. Langshan Zhou
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  9. Zhuwei Li
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  10. Yong Ren
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Contributions

SC is a faculty member of the College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University. Her main works include the research on crop production and physiology of fragrant rice. ZF is a faculty member of the College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University. His main works include the research on heavy metal toxicity. CW is a custom officer of the Hefei Customs District. His man works include the research on food chemistry and chemical composition analysis. XC is an undergraduate student of horticulture, College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University. FH is an undergraduate student of Landscape Architecture, College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University. CY is an undergraduate student of horticulture, College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University. LZ is an undergraduate student of horticulture, College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University. XW is an undergraduate student of horticulture, College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University. ZL is an undergraduate student of horticulture, College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University. YR is a faculty member of the College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University. His main works include the research on crop production and physiology of fragrant rice.

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Correspondence to Yong Ren.

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Cheng, S., Fang, Z., Wang, C. et al. Modulation of 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) Accumulation, Yield Formation and Antioxidant Attributes in Fragrant Rice by Exogenous Methylglyoxal (MG) Application. J Plant Growth Regul 42, 1444–1456 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10628-y

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