Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria(MTB) are a group of microorganisms capable of orientating and swimming along magnetic fields because they contain intracellular biomineralized magnetosomes composed of magnetite(Fe3O4) or/and greigite(Fe3S4). They are ubiquitous in freshwater, brackish, and marine habitats, and are cosmopolitan in distribution. However, knowledge of their occurrence and distribution in seamount ecosystems is limited. We investigated the diversity and distribution of MTB in the Caroline Seamount(CM4). The abundance of living MTB in 12 stations in depth varying from 90 to 1 545 m was 1.1×103 - 43.7×103 inds./dm3. Despite diverse shapes of MTB observed, magnetotactic cocci were the dominant morphotype and could be categorized into two types: 1) typical cocci that appeared to have peritrichous flagella; and 2) those characterized by having a drop-shaped form and one bundle of flagella located at the thin/narrow end of the cell. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) analysis revealed that the magnetosomes formed by those magnetotactic cocci are magnetite(Fe3O4) with octahedral crystal habit. A total of 41 operational taxonomic units(OTUs) of putative MTB(2 702 reads) were acquired from nine stations, based on high-throughput sequencing. Of these, 40 OTUs belonged to the Proteobacteria phylum and one belonged to the Nitrospirae phylum. We found apparent connectivity between the MTB populations on the Caroline and Kexue(Science in Chinese) seamounts, although the diversity of MTB on Caroline was much richer than on the Kexue Seamount. Our results imply that the unique topography of seamounts and other as-yet unclear environmental factors could lead to evolution of different flagella arrangements in magnetotactic cocci, and the occurrence of octahedral magnetite magnetosomes.
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Data Availability Statement
All data generated and/or analyzed during the study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgment
We thank the crew and captain of R/V Kexue, the ROV team for sediments sampling. We thank Wei LIU and Yuanyuan SUN at the IOCAS(Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) for their assistance in TEM observations. We thank the engineer Mr. Xu TANG at the IGGCAS(Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) for his assistance in TEM experiments.
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Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 41776130, 41776131), the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shandong Joint Fund(No. U1706208), the Youth Talent Support Program of the Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(No. LMEES-YTSP-2018-01-07), and the Science & Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(No. 2017FY100803)
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Cui, K., Zhang, W., Liu, J. et al. Characterization and diversity of magnetotactic bacteria from sediments of Caroline Seamount in the Western Pacific Ocean. J. Ocean. Limnol. 39, 2027–2043 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-021-0029-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-021-0029-x