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Analysis of laser absorption gas sensors employing scanned-wavelength modulation spectroscopy with 1f-phase detection

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Abstract

The recently introduced wavelength-modulation spectroscopy with 1f-phase detection (WMS-\(\theta _{1f}\)) technique showed promising results with potentially improved measurement precision over the popular 1f-normalized WMS-nf (WMS-nf/1f) technique. Like WMS-nf/1f, WMS-\(\theta _{1f}\) enjoys the typical benefits of WMS methods, including low-frequency noise rejection, correction for non-absorbing losses, and insensitivity to the broadband absorption spectra of interfering species. In this work, we performed a detailed analysis of the spectrally resolved scanned-wavelength WMS-\(\theta _{1f}\) measurement technique and its direct comparison against the expected performance of scanned-wavelength WMS-nf/1f and scanned-wavelength direct-absorption spectroscopy (SDAS) measurements. This simulation-based analysis identified specific operating regimes in which the performance of WMS-\(\theta _{1f}\) measurements in terms of accuracy is expected to be greater than the performance of WMS-nf/1f or SDAS. Additionally, improved guidelines for the optimal selection of laser-tuning parameters, including an explicit optimization of the optical scan depth parameter, were developed. Experiments with a CO2 static cell perturbed by a high-speed air jet corroborated the simulation-based findings. Finally, a practical demonstration of a WMS-\(\theta _{1f}\) sensor for measuring temperature and H2O mole fraction in the exhaust of a CH4/air flat-flame burner was presented, with the results confirming model predictions of the superior precision of WMS-\(\theta _{1f}\) relative to WMS-nf/1f and SDAS.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (monitor: Dr. S. Martens) and Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc. (monitor: Dr. J. Hoke) under Grant no. N00014-15-P-1121. W.Y. Peng was supported by the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship, 32 CFR 168a awarded by the Department of Defense. The authors would like to thank S.J. Cassady of Stanford University for helpful discussions and recommendations.

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Thermosciences Division, Stanford University, 452 Escondido Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

    Wen Yu Peng, Christopher L. Strand & Ronald K. Hanson

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Peng, W., Strand, C.L. & Hanson, R.K. Analysis of laser absorption gas sensors employing scanned-wavelength modulation spectroscopy with 1f-phase detection. Appl. Phys. B 126, 17 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-019-7369-7

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