Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IonR) such as beta and alpha, positrons, X-rays, and gamma rays cause harmful effects on living organisms, especially humans, and they represent a fundamental problem in the modern age. IonR-protecting materials are compulsory to avert this problem. Hence, the development of good performant IonR shields has gained huge interest. In this work, we investigated the radiation shielding peculiarities of Pb-free barium titanium (BT) added with different amounts of M-type hexaferrite (MH). The impact of MH inclusion on the phase, structural, and shielding capacity of BT sample was systematically investigated. PXRD analysis showed that all BT phases crystallized into a cubic structure. SEM images along with elemental mapping revealed the successful formation of (BT-MH) composites. The radiation shielding peculiarities were measured using HPGe detector and three radioactive sources (Co-60, Cs-137, and Am-241). It was found that at 0.6617, 1.173, and 1.333 MeV, the ceramics with higher MH content have higher mass attenuation coefficient values. The MAC values reduce when the energy increases, which indicates that the ceramics have better shielding capabilities against low energy photons. The half value layer results showed that by adding more MH into the ceramic system, more photons are attenuated at that energy, meaning a thinner shield is needed to attenuate half of the incoming photons. We evaluated the radiation shielding efficiency (RSE) and we found that at energy of 0.05954 MeV, BT-MH2 has the highest RSE of 99.836%.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability statement
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
References
N. Tsoulfanidis, S. Landsberger, Measurement & Detection of Radiation (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2021)
P. Kaur, K.J. Singh, S. Thakur, Evaluation of the gamma radiation shielding parameters of bismuth modified quaternary glass system. AIP Conf. Proc. 1953, 090031 (2018)
M.I. Sayyed, The role of Bi2O3 on radiation shielding characteristics of ternary bismuth tellurite glasses. Optik 270, 169973 (2022)
E. Mansouri, A. Mesbahi, R. Malekzadeh, A. Mansouri, Shielding characteristics of nanocomposites for protection against X-and gamma rays in medical applications: effect of particle size, photon energy and nano-particle concentration. Rad. Environ. Biophys. 59, 583–600 (2020)
B. Oto, N. Yıldız, F. Akdemir, E. Kavaz, Investigation of gamma radiation shielding properties of various ores. Prog. Nucl Energy 85, 391–403 (2015)
V.P. Singh, N.M. Badiger, N. Chanthima, J. Kaewkhao, Evaluation of gamma-ray exposure buildup factors and neutron shielding for bismuth borosilicate glasses. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 98, 14–21 (2014)
A. Eid, N. Zawia, Consequences of lead exposure, and it’s emerging role as an epigenetic modifier in the aging brain. Neurotoxicology 56, 254–261 (2016)
K.A. Naseer, K. Marimuthu, K.A. Mahmoud, M.I. Sayyed, Impact of Bi2O3 modifier concentration on barium–zincborate glasses: physical, structural, elastic, and radiation-shielding properties. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 136, 116 (2021)
M.I. Sayyed, K.M. Kaky, E. Şakar, U. Akbaba, M.M. Taki, O. Agar, Gamma radiation shielding investigations for selected germanate glasses. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 512, 33–40 (2019)
M. Kurudirek, N. Chutithanapanon, R. Laopaiboon, C. Yenchai, C. Bootjomchai, Effect of Bi2O3 on gamma ray shielding and structural properties of borosilicate glasses recycled from high pressure sodium lamp glass. J. Alloys Compd. 745, 355–364 (2018)
A. Sharma, M.I. Sayyed, O. Agar, H.O. Tekin, Simulation of shielding parameters for TeO2-WO3-GeO2 glasses using FLUKA code. Results Phys. 13, 102199 (2019)
M.I. Abualsayed, Radiation attenuation attributes for BaO-TiO2-SiO2-GeO2 glass series: a comprehensive study using Phy-X software. Radiochim. Acta 111, 211–216 (2023)
K. Miao, X. Wang, D. Hu, Y. Wang, J. Xiao, Fabrication of Y and Fe co-doped BaZr0.13Ti1.46O3 fine-grained ceramics for temperature-stable multilayer ceramic capacitors. Ceram. Int. 43, 9099–9104 (2017)
S.K. Ghosh, S.K. Rout, Induced instability in local structure and ferroelectric polarization of rare earth modified BZT relaxor ceramics. Curr. Appl. Phys. 16, 989–1000 (2016)
J.Q. Qi, B.B. Liu, H.Y. Tian, H. Zou, Z.X. Yue, L.T. Li, Dielectric properties of barium zirconate titanate (BZT) ceramics tailored by different donors for high voltage applications. Solid State Sci. 14, 1520–1524 (2012)
K.K. Bajpai, K. Sreenivas, O.P. Thakur, A.R. James, A.K. Shukla, Influence of Cd doping on the electro-strain of barium zirconate titanate ceramics. Ceram. Int. 43, 1963–1967 (2017)
E. Hannachi, M.I. Sayyed, B. Albarzan, A.H. Almuqrin, K.A. Mahmoud, Synthesis and study of structural, optical, and radiation-protective peculiarities of MTiO3 (M = Ba, Sr) metatitanate ceramics mixed with SnO2 oxide. Ceram. Int. 47, 28528–28535 (2021)
M.H.A. Mhareb, Y. Slimani, Y.S. Alajerami, M.I. Sayyed, E. Lacomme, M.A. Almessiere, Structural and radiation shielding properties of BaTiO3 ceramic with different concentrations of Bismuth and Ytterbium. Ceram. Int. 46, 28877–28886 (2020)
E. Hannachi, M.I. Sayyed, Y. Slimani, M.A. Almessiere, A. Baykal, M. Elsafi, Synthesis, characterization, and performance assessment of new composite ceramics towards radiation shielding applications. J. Alloys Compd. 899, 163173 (2022)
M.I. Sayyed, E. Hannachi, Y. Slimani, M.U. Khandaker, M. Elsafi, Radiation shielding properties of bi-ferroic ceramics added with CNTs. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 200, 110096 (2022)
E. Hannachi, K.A. Mahmoud, M.I. Sayyed, Y. Slimani, Structure, optical properties, and ionizing radiation shielding performance using Monte Carlo simulation for lead-free BTO perovskite ceramics doped with ZnO, SiO2, and WO3 oxides. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 145, 106629 (2022)
Y. Slimani, M.K. Hamad, I.O. Olarinoye, Y.S. Alajerami, M.I. Sayyed, M.A. Almessiere, M.H.A. Mhareb, Determination of structural features of different Perovskite ceramics and investigation of ionizing radiation shielding properties. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 32, 20867–20881 (2021)
E. Hannachi, M.I. Sayyed, K.A. Mahmoud, Y. Slimani, S. Akhtar, B. Albarzan, A.H. Almuqrin, Impact of tin oxide on the structural features and radiation shielding response of some ABO3 perovskites ceramics (A = Ca, Sr, Ba; B = Ti). Appl. Phys. A 127, 970 (2021)
R. Valenzuela, Novel applications of ferrites. Phys. Res. Int. 2012, 591839 (2012)
S. Kanagesan, S. Jesurani, R. Velmurugan, S. Prabu, T. Kalaivani, Magnetic properties of Ni–Co doped barium strontium hexaferrite. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 23, 1575–1579 (2012)
N. Yasmin, M. Zahid, H.M. Khan, M. Hashim, M. Ul Islam, S. Yasmin, M. Altaf, B. Nazar, M. Safdar, M. Mirza, Structural and dielectric properties of Gd-Zn substituted Ca0.5Ba0.5Fe12O19 M-type hexa-ferrites synthesized via auto-combustion method. J. Alloys Compd. 774, 962–968 (2019)
V. Tsakaloudi, V.T. Zaspalis, A new Mn–Zn ferrite for high-speed data transmission applications in telecommunication networks. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 310, 2540–2542 (2007)
Z. Karimi, L. Karimi, H. Shokrollahi, Nano-magnetic particles used in biomedicine: core and coating materials. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 33, 2465–2475 (2013)
K. Ullah, W.-C. Oh, Fabrication of novel heterostructure-functionalized graphene-based TiO2-Sr-hexaferrite photocatalyst for environmental remediation. Nanomaterials 13, 55 (2023)
A. Karimian, M. Kalantar, Magnetic, gas sensing properties, and structural parameters of barium–calcium hexaferrite synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion method. J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 69, 450–461 (2022)
C. Sudakar, G.N. Subbanna, T.R.N. Kutty, Hexaferrite–FeCo nanocomposite particles and their electrical and magnetic properties at high frequencies. J. Appl. Phys. 94, 6030–6033 (2003)
I.A. Vedernykova, A.A. Koval, O.V. Antonenko, T.M. Chan, O.S. Shpychak, M.V. Marchenko, Synthesis, technology and analysis of nanoparticles of barium hexaferrite for creation of magnetically controlled drug delivery systems. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 10(8), 2122–2124 (2018)
A. Najafinezhad, M. Abdellahi, S. Saber-Samandari, H. Ghayour, A. Khandan, Hydroxyapatite-M-type strontium hexaferrite: a new composite for hyperthermia applications. J. Alloys Compd. 734, 290–300 (2018)
S.A. Mathews, D.R. Babu, Analysis of the role of M-type hexaferrite-based materials in electromagnetic interference shielding. Curr. Appl. Phys. 29, 39–53 (2021)
T. Kagotani, D. Fujiwara, S. Sugimoto, K. Inomata, M. Homma, Enhancement of GHz electromagnetic wave absorption characteristics in aligned M-type barium ferrite Ba1−xLaxZnxFe12−x−y(Me0.5Mn0.5)yO19 (x = 0.0–0.5; y = 1.0–3.0, Me: Zr, Sn) by metal substitution. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 272, E1813–E1815 (2004)
S. Sugimoto, K. Haga, T. Kagotani, K. Inomata, Microwave absorption properties of Ba M-type ferrite prepared by a modified coprecipitation method. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 290, 1188–1191 (2005)
R.K. Bheema, A.K. Ojha, A.V. Praveen Kumar, K.C. Etika, Synergistic influence of barium hexaferrite nanoparticles for enhancing the EMI shielding performance of GNP/epoxy nanocomposites. J. Mater. Sci. 57(19), 8714–8726 (2022)
S.D. Raut, V. Awasarmol, D. Gaikwad, P. Pawar, Effective atomic number and effective electron density for barium ferrite and barium hexaferrite in the energy range 122–1330 keV. Nucl. Chem. Nucl. Probes pp. 102–103 (2017)
A.M. Ali, S.A.M. Issa, H. Algarni, H.O. Tekin, H.M.H. Zakaly, M.A. Sayed, M. Rashad, Structural, surface morphology and radiation shielding properties of barium ferrite powder. Phys. Scr. 96(9), 095805 (2021)
B.C. Reddy, Y.S. Vidya, H.C. Manjunatha, K.N. Sridhar, U. Pasha, L. Seenappa, B. Sadashivamurthy et al., Synthesis and characterization of Barium ferrite nano-particles for X-ray/gamma radiation shielding and display applications. Prog. Nucl. Energy 147, 104187 (2022)
E. Hannachi, M.I. Sayyed, Y. Slimani, M. Elsafi, Structural, optical and radiation shielding peculiarities of strontium titanate ceramics mixed with tungsten nanowires: an experimental study. Opt. Mater. 135, 113317 (2023)
M. Elsafi, N. Almousa, N. Al-Harbi, S. Yasmin, M.I. Sayyed, Ecofriendly and radiation shielding properties of newly developed epoxy with waste marble and WO3 nanoparticles. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 22, 269–277 (2023)
E. Hannachi, M.I. Sayyed, Y. Slimani, M.A. Almessiere, A. Baykal, M. Elsafi, Structure and radiation-shielding characteristics of BTO/MnZnFeO ceramic composites. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 174, 111132 (2023)
M. Singh, B.C. Yadav, A. Ranjan, M. Kaur, S.K. Gupta, Synthesis and characterization of perovskite barium titanate thin film and its application as LPG sensor. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 241, 1170–1178 (2017)
M.A. Almessiere, Y. Slimani, H.S. El Sayed, A. Baykal, Ca2+ and Mg2+ incorporated barium hexaferrites: structural and magnetic properties. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 88, 628–638 (2018)
Y. Slimani, M.A. Almessiere, S.E. Shirsath, E. Hannachi, G. Yasin, A. Baykal, B. Ozcelik, Investigation of structural, morphological, optical, magnetic, and dielectric properties of (1-x)BaTiO3/xSr0.92Ca0.04Mg0.04Fe12O19 composites. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 510, 166933 (2020)
P. Jaita, N. Boothrawong, N. Lertcumfu, P. Malasri, P. Jarupoom, T. Tunkasiri, G. Rujijanagul, Electrical and mechanical properties of modified barium titanate by doping an m-type hexagonal ferrite. Integr. Ferroelectr. 214(1), 2–10 (2021)
A. Motamedi, R. Rahmanifard, M. Adibi, Synthesis and microwave absorption characteristics of BaFe12O19/BaTiO3/MWCNT/polypyrrole quaternary composite. Synth. Met. 280, 116873 (2021)
Funding
No funding was received for this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
EH: supervision, investigation; methodology, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing, conceptualization MIS: formal analysis, investigation, validation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing, YS: conceptualization, methodology, writing—review and editing, MAA investigation, AB validation, writing—review and editing, ME: investigation, validation, writing—original draft.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no competing interests that are relevant to the content of this article.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Hannachi, E., Sayyed, M.I., Slimani, Y. et al. Radiation attenuation attributes of Pb-free titanate-based perovskite modified with M-type hexagonal ferrite addition. Appl. Phys. A 129, 711 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-023-06984-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-023-06984-5