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Nanomaterials for the cleaning and pH adjustment of vegetable-tanned leather

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Abstract

Leather artifacts in historical collections and archives are often contaminated by physical changes such as soiling, which alter their appearance and readability, and by chemical changes which occur on aging and give rise to excessive proportion of acids that promote hydrolysis of collagen, eventually leading to gelatinization and loss of mechanical properties. However, both cleaning and pH adjustment of vegetable-tanned leather pose a great challenge for conservators, owing to the sensitivity of these materials to the action of solvents, especially water-based formulations and alkaline chemicals. In this study, the cleaning of historical leather samples was optimized by confining an oil-in-water nanostructured fluid in a highly retentive chemical hydrogel, which allows the controlled release of the cleaning fluid on sensitive surfaces. The chemical gel exhibits optimal viscoelasticity, which facilitates its removal after the application without leaving residues on the object. Nanoparticles of calcium hydroxide and lactate, dispersed in 2-propanol, were used to adjust the pH up to the natural value of leather, preventing too high alkalinity which causes swelling of fibers and denaturation of the collagen. The treated samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, controlled environment dynamic mechanical analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. The analytical assessment validated the use of tools derived from colloid and materials science for the preservation of collagen-based artifacts.

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Acknowledgments

CSGI, MIUR, and European Union (project NANOFORART, FP7-ENV-NMP-2011/282816) are acknowledged for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy

    Michele Baglioni, David Chelazzi, Rodorico Giorgi, Diletta Pianorsi, Giovanna Poggi & Piero Baglioni

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK

    Marianne Odlyha

  3. UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK

    Angelica Bartoletti & Laurent Bozec

Authors
  1. Michele Baglioni
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  2. Angelica Bartoletti
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  3. Laurent Bozec
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  4. David Chelazzi
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  5. Rodorico Giorgi
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  6. Marianne Odlyha
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  7. Diletta Pianorsi
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  8. Giovanna Poggi
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  9. Piero Baglioni
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Piero Baglioni.

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Michele Baglioni and Piero Baglioni: No kinship exists among the authors.

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Baglioni, M., Bartoletti, A., Bozec, L. et al. Nanomaterials for the cleaning and pH adjustment of vegetable-tanned leather. Appl. Phys. A 122, 114 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-015-9553-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-015-9553-x

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