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Room-temperature ferromagnetism in carbon- and nitrogen-doped rutile TiO2

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Abstract

Marked room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) was obtained in carbon- and nitrogen-doped rutile \(\hbox {TiO}_2\) powders. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements revealed the co-existence of considerable densities of states near the Fermi level (\(E_{\rm F}\)) and oxygen vacancies primarily induced by C- and N-doping. Density functional theory calculations showed that the local moments responsible for the observed RTFM in N-doped \(\hbox {TiO}_2\) were primarily attributed to the partially populated, spin-polarized Ti \(3d\) band. In addition to the unfilled Ti \(3d\) band, the spin splitting in C \(2p\) states near \(E_{\rm F}\) in C-doped \(\hbox {TiO}_2\), which may be induced by the \(p-p\) interaction between the C impurities and neighboring oxygen ions, results in Stoner band-splitting-type ferromagnetism.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by the National Science Council of Taiwan, Republic of China under the Grant Nos. NSC98-2112-M-009-004-MY3, 101-2112-M-003-007, and MOE-ATP program operated at NCTU, Taiwan. The XPS measurements were performed at instruments center of National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan. We gratefully acknowledge the insightful comments from the members of the Solid State Laboratory at NCTU.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, 300, Taiwan

    Jia-Bin Wang, Jyun-Wei Mi, Chih-Wei Luo, Kaung-Hsiung Wu, Tzeng-Ming Uen & Jenh-Yih Juang

  2. Department of Mathematics and Science (Pre-college), National Taiwan Normal University, Linkou District, New Taipei City, Taiwan

    Kuei-Ching Wu & Shiu-Jen Liu

  3. Institute of Physics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, 300, Taiwan

    Jiunn-Yuan Lin

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  1. Jia-Bin Wang
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Correspondence to Shiu-Jen Liu.

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Wang, JB., Wu, KC., Mi, JW. et al. Room-temperature ferromagnetism in carbon- and nitrogen-doped rutile TiO2 . Appl. Phys. A 118, 725–731 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-014-8788-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-014-8788-2

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