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The beginnings of fruit tree cultivation in the Iberian Peninsula: plant remains from the city of Huelva (southern Spain)

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Abstract

The combination of an archaeobotanical analysis from two different sites in the city of Huelva (Spain) and the identification of vine fields in the same area suggests that different fruit tree species (grapevine, olive, almond and pomegranate) and vegetables such as melon were introduced into the Iberian peninsula in the transition from the 9th to the 8th century cal bc. These dates represent the earliest chronology for arboriculture within the Iberian Peninsula. The material has been preserved by waterlogging allowing the preservation of a wide variety of species which indicate the development of fruit tree cultivation. The archaeological context provides information on the connections between this innovation and the Phoenician communities that established in the region in search of metal resources. Fruit tree cultivation, and particularly wine production, had a great impact on the local agriculture which was traditionally based on the production of annual crops. The new crops soon became an essential agricultural element of the communities that lived in the south and east of the Iberian Peninsula. From the 8th century cal bc onwards, agricultural production would be mostly market oriented.

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Acknowledgements

This paper is an output of the project FRUITFUL: La introducción y el desarrollo de la arboricultura en la Península Ibérica (HAR2015-64953-P) funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad within the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia, Subprograma Estatal de Generación del Conocimiento. GPJ work has been carried out within the postdoctoral contract FPDI-2013-16034 and IJCI-2015-25082 funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad.

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  1. GI Arqueobiología, Instituto de Historia CCHS-CSIC, Albasanz 26-28, 28037, Madrid, Spain

    Guillem Pérez-Jordà & Leonor Peña-Chocarro

  2. Santo Domingo de la Calzada 1, 21001, Huelva, Spain

    Marcos García Fernández

  3. Departamento de Historia, Geografía y Antropología, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de Huelva, Tres de Marzo s/n, 21071, Huelva, Spain

    Juan Carlos Vera Rodríguez

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  1. Guillem Pérez-Jordà
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  2. Leonor Peña-Chocarro
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Correspondence to Guillem Pérez-Jordà.

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Communicated by C. C. Bakels.

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Pérez-Jordà, G., Peña-Chocarro, L., García Fernández, M. et al. The beginnings of fruit tree cultivation in the Iberian Peninsula: plant remains from the city of Huelva (southern Spain). Veget Hist Archaeobot 26, 527–538 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-017-0610-6

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