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Inter-annual dynamics in the trophic ecology of juveniles of five notothenioid fish species from the South Shetland Islands (Southern Ocean)

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Abstract

The trophic ecology of several cryonotothenioid species has been well studied, but scarcely on the juvenile fraction of their populations. Particularly, till date the inter-annual variation of the diet composition and feeding habits of these young notothenioid stages has not been explored. Herein, we analysed the trophic ecology of 755 specimens of the species Notothenia rossii, Notothenia coriiceps, Nototheniops nudifrons, Trematomus newnesi and Harpagifer antarcticus, collected in the inshore waters of Potter Cove, South Shetlands Islands, during four consecutive sampling periods from 2008 to 2012. The stomach-content analysis using the IRI % and the Amundsen et al. (1996) methods provided data on feeding habits and trophic niche breadth. Our results indicate that the species are demersal and benthophagous, have a generalized type of feeding strategy and prey chiefly on demersal–benthic amphipods (mainly genus Gondogeneia and Oradarea), and on other epibenthic invertebrates associated with macroalgal beds. Significant differences were observed in the diet of all species between sampling periods, and ontogenetically, only in N. rossii and T. newnesi. According to the estimated trophic levels, the juvenile cryonotothenioids were identified as secondary consumers. Ambush feeding was the predominant feeding behaviour in all species, and in N. rossii and N. coriiceps, also grazing. Likewise, these two fish species exhibited a wider diet diversity than the other notothenioids. Using literature information on the trophic ecology of the late juvenile–adult stages of the same species at Potter Cove, we identified differences and likenesses with our results on the early juvenile–juvenile fraction of the fish community. This study highlights the key role of nearshore areas in the cryonotothenioids life cycle.

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Data availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Carlos Bellisio for his help in field activities and laboratory tasks and to Gaia Gordon for her help in the manuscript preparation. We gratefully acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript.

Funding

This study was supported by Grants from Dirección Nacional del Antártico, Instituto Antártico Argentino (PICTA 0100), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [PIP 2017–2019 GI 11220170100219CO, Resolution 2018-8-APN-DIR#CONICET] and Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica [PICT 2018-03310 Res.401/19].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Antártico Argentino, Av. 25 de Mayo 1143, San Martín, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Eugenia Moreira

  2. Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología (BIOLAB), INBIOTEC-CONICET, UNCPBA-CICPBA, UNCPBA, Facultad de Agronomía, Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Eugenia Moreira

  3. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Eugenia Moreira, Manuel Novillo, Sergio Gómez De Saravia & Esteban Barrera-Oro

  4. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), CONICET, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, Córdoba, Argentina

    Manuel Novillo

  5. División Ictiología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” MACN-CONICET, Angel Gallardo 470, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Sergio Gómez De Saravia & Esteban Barrera-Oro

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  1. Eugenia Moreira
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  4. Esteban Barrera-Oro
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Contributions

EM and EBO conceived the project. EM and EBO conducted fieldwork and carried out laboratory work. EM, SGS and MN performed statistical analyses. EM, EBO and MN wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Eugenia Moreira or Manuel Novillo.

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Moreira, E., Novillo, M., Gómez De Saravia, S. et al. Inter-annual dynamics in the trophic ecology of juveniles of five notothenioid fish species from the South Shetland Islands (Southern Ocean). Polar Biol 46, 993–1009 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03179-9

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