Abstract
Key message
Plants exhibit a unique pattern of cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics to correlate with microtubules to regulate cytokinesis, which significantly differs from those observed in animal and yeast cells.
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) transients mediated signaling is known to be essential in cytokinesis across eukaryotic cells. However, the detailed spatiotemporal dynamics of Ca2+ during plant cytokinesis remain largely unexplored. In this study, we employed GCaMP5, a genetically encoded Ca2+ sensor, to investigate cytokinetic Ca2+ transients during cytokinesis in Nicotiana tabacum Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) cells. We validated the effectiveness of GCaMP5 to capture fluctuations in intracellular free Ca2+ in transgenic BY-2 cells. Our results reveal that Ca2+ dynamics during BY-2 cell cytokinesis are distinctly different from those observed in embryonic and yeast cells. It is characterized by an initial significant Ca2+ spike within the phragmoplast region. This spike is followed by a decrease in Ca2+ concentration at the onset of cytokinesis in phragmoplast, which then remains elevated in comparison to the cytosolic Ca2+ until the completion of cell plate formation. At the end of cytokinesis, Ca2+ becomes uniformly distributed in the cytosol. This pattern contrasts with the typical dual waves of Ca2+ spikes observed during cytokinesis in animal embryonic cells and fission yeasts. Furthermore, applications of pharmaceutical inhibitors for either Ca2+ or microtubules revealed a close correlation between Ca2+ transients and microtubule organization in the regulation of cytokinesis. Collectively, our findings highlight the unique dynamics and crucial role of Ca2+ transients during plant cell cytokinesis, and provides new insights into plant cell division mechanisms.
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Abbreviations
- BY-2:
-
Bright yellow-2
- EGTA:
-
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
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Acknowledgements
We apologize to the many scientists whose work we were not able to credit due to space restrictions. We thank Dr. Shanjin Huang (School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University) for sharing the plasmid containing GCaMP5.
Funding
This work is supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32270358, 92354302, 31770196 and 91954110) and Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2021A1515012066) to H. W.
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HW conceived and designed the project. XW performed genetic transformation of GCaMP5 BY-2 cells. XW and BL maintained the transgenic BY-2 suspension cells. XD and HW performed time-lapse imaging and analyzed the data. XD and HW prepared figures and wrote the first draft of manuscript. XD, LZ and HW revised the figures and manuscript. All authors read the final manuscript and approved its content.
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Du, X., Weng, X., Lyu, B. et al. Localized calcium transients in phragmoplast regulate cytokinesis of tobacco BY-2 cells. Plant Cell Rep 43, 97 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-024-03181-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-024-03181-3