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Fabrication of conductive hybrid scaffold based on polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol–chitosan nanoparticles for skin tissue engineering application

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Abstract

The current assignment describes on the integration of chitosan nanoparticles in the polymeric matrix of polyaniline (PANI)—polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resulted in the successful fabrication of a novel bionanocomposite. The cost-effective and easy ionic gelation procedure was used to synthesize chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and transmission electron microscopy analysis presented the spherical shape with a nano-regimen below 47 nm of CNPs. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results highlighted the distinctive functional groups and chemical interactions associated with chitosan nanoparticles and the polyaniline–polyvinyl alcohol matrix. The integration of chitosan nanoparticles had an effect on the amorphous character of the synthesized bionanocomposite, according to X-ray diffraction studies. The surface morphology was revealed by field emissions scanning electron microscopy pictures, and thermo-gravimetric analysis revealed that the inclusion of chitosan nanoparticles improved thermal stability. Cyclic voltammetry is used to determine the electroactivity of a synthesized material. The antibacterial activity of bionanocomposite was tested against Gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as Gram-negative bacteria salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. The highest antibacterial activity of all the bacterial strains was at 13 mm, 10.9 mm, 15 mm, and 17 mm, respectively. The synergistic effect of PANI-PVA-CNPs, as evidenced by its mechanical properties, swelling ratio, and percentage of porosity results, supported that the addition of CNPs to PANI-PVA enhanced the values suitable for the regeneration of skin tissues. The in vitro hemolytic study demonstrated the hemocompatibility value was less than 2%, implying that the bionanocomposite has the potential to be used as an efficient material in skin tissue engineering applications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Auxilium College Management, Tamil Nadu, India, for providing the necessary laboratory facilities for the research work. The authors would like to acknowledge Sophisticated Test and Instrumentation Centre (STIC), Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala and Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentations Facility (SAIF), IIT Madras, for their technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Auxilium College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University), Serkkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632006, India

    D. Switha & V. Sugantha Kumari

  2. Department of Chemistry, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu, 632509, India

    S. Khaleel Basha

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  1. D. Switha
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Correspondence to V. Sugantha Kumari.

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Switha, D., Basha, S.K. & Kumari, V.S. Fabrication of conductive hybrid scaffold based on polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol–chitosan nanoparticles for skin tissue engineering application. Polym. Bull. 80, 11439–11467 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-022-04616-1

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