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Polystyrene/kaolinite nanocomposite synthesis and characterization via in situ emulsion polymerization

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Abstract

The polymer nanocomposites polystyrene (PS)/kaolinite (Kao) were synthesized by in situ emulsion polymerization. First Kao was modified using dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) by a displacement method (Kao-DMSO) and then styrene monomer was intercalated into kaolinite. Two types of nanocomposites were synthesized using 1 and 3 % weight (wt) of Kao-DMSO, respectively, (based on the monomer). The comparison between TGA analyses of nanocomposites with 3 % Kao-DMSO and virgin PS revealed that the thermal decomposition of the nanocomposites with clay began at 20 °C above the temperature of the initial thermal decomposition of virgin PS. This result showed the effect of clay on the thermal stability of PS. The influence of 3 % Kao-DMSO clay on nanocomposites was also observed during a flame retarding test, in which the burning rate was reduced by 50 % when compared to the burning rate for virgin PS.

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Abbreviations

Kao:

Kaolinite

DMSO:

Dimethylsulfoxide

Kao-DMSO:

Kaolinite-dimethylsulfoxide

Wt:

Weight

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

PS:

Polystyrene

DMTA:

Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis

E′ :

Storage modulus

Tg:

Glass transition temperature

TGA:

Thermogravimetric analysis

NMF:

N-Methylformamide

HRSEM:

High-resolution scanning electron microscopy

St:

Styrene

KPS:

Potassium persulfate

SLS:

Sodium lauryl sulfate

PS/Kao-DMSO:

Polystyrene/kaolinite-dimethylsulfoxide

tanδ :

Phase angle

IR:

Intercalation rate

T onset :

Thermal initial decomposition

T 50 % :

Temperature at 50 % mass loss

T 20 % :

Temperature at 20 % mass loss

RW:

Residual weight

KBr:

Potassium bromide

CuKα :

Copper anode radiation

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higher School of Technology, University of State of Amazon, Rua Darcy Vargas, 1200 Parque Dez, CEP: 69065-020, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

    José Costa de Macêdo Neto & João Evangelista Neto

  2. School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Rua. Albert Einstein, 500, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Barão Geraldo, CEP: 13083-852, Campinas, SP, Brazil

    Rodrigo Botan & Liliane Maria Ferrareso Lona

  3. Renewable Energy Engineering Course, Federal University of Latin-American Integration (UNILA), Ave. Tancredo Neves, 6731, CEP: 85867-970, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil

    Walfrido Alonso Pippo

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  1. José Costa de Macêdo Neto
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  2. Rodrigo Botan
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Correspondence to Walfrido Alonso Pippo.

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de Macêdo Neto, J.C., Botan, R., Lona, L.M.F. et al. Polystyrene/kaolinite nanocomposite synthesis and characterization via in situ emulsion polymerization. Polym. Bull. 72, 387–404 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-014-1282-3

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