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A Review on the Various Sources of β-Galactosidase and Its Lactose Hydrolysis Property

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Abstract

β-Galactosidase is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that possesses both hydrolytic and transgalactosylation properties and has several benefits and advantages in the food and dairy industries. The catalytic process of β-galactosidase involves the transfer of a sugar residue from a glycosyl donor to an acceptor via a double-displacement mechanism. Hydrolysis prevails when water acts as an acceptor, resulting in the production of lactose-free products. Transgalactosylation prevails when lactose acts as an acceptor, resulting in the production of prebiotic oligosaccharides. β-Galactosidase is also obtained from many sources including bacteria, yeast, fungi, plants, and animals. However, depending on the origin of the β-galactosidase, the monomer composition and their bonds may differ, thereby influencing their properties and prebiotic efficacy. Thus, the increasing demand for prebiotics in the food industry and the search for new oligosaccharides have compelled researchers to search for novel sources of β-galactosidase with diverse properties. In this review, we discuss the properties, catalytic mechanisms, various sources and lactose hydrolysis properties of β-galactosidase.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the Vellore Institute of Technology for providing space and infrastructure for carrying out the project titled ‘Production, purification and characterisation of β-galactosidase from Paracoccus marcusii for the synthesis of prebiotic carbohydrates’.

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This study did not receive any specific grants from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sector.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Pooja Kalathinathan & Gothandam Kodiveri Muthukaliannan

  2. Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Avtar Sain

  3. Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, India

    Krishnakanth Pulicherla

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  1. Pooja Kalathinathan
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Kalathinathan, P., Sain, A., Pulicherla, K. et al. A Review on the Various Sources of β-Galactosidase and Its Lactose Hydrolysis Property. Curr Microbiol 80, 122 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-023-03220-4

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