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Exosomes Derived from Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Cannot Distinctively Promote Graft Survival in Cryopreservation Fat Grafting

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  • Basic Science/Experimental
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Abstract

Background

Cryopreserved fat has limited clinical applications due to its rapid absorption, high degree of fibrosis, and risk of complications after grafting. Many studies have verified that Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) can improve fresh fat graft survival. This study assessed whether ADSC-Exos could improve the survival of cryopreserved fat grafts.

Methods

Exosomes were isolated from human ADSCs were subcutaneously engrafted with adipose tissues stored under different conditions (fresh; cryopreserved for 1 month) into the backs of BALB/c nude mice (n = 24), and exosomes or PBS were administered weekly. Grafts were harvested at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks, and fat retention rate, histologic, and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted.

Results

At 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the transfer, cryopreserved fat grafts in groups of exosome-treated showed better fat integrity, fewer oil cysts, and reduced fibrosis. Further investigations of macrophage infiltration and neovascularization revealed that those exosomes increased the number of M2 macrophages at 2 and 4 weeks (p<0.05), but had limited impact on vascularization (p>0.05). It's important to note that no significant differences (p>0.05) were observed between the two groups in both histological and immunohistochemical evaluations at 8 weeks post-transplantation.

Conclusions

This study suggests that ADSC-Exos could improve the survival of cryopreserved fat grafts in the short term (within 4 weeks), but the overall improvement was poor (after 8 weeks). This suggests that the utility of using ADSC-Exos to treat cryopreserved adipose tissue grafts is limited.

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Acknowledgments

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Funding

This work was supported by Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (202102080336, 202201020568)

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Author notes

  1. Xuan-yu Jiang and Fang-wei Li have contributed equally to the work and were considered to be the co first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xin Gang Road, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China

    Xuan-yu Jiang, Fang-wei Li, Yi-qing Chen, Jun-ren Fang, Sheng-kang Luo & Hai-bin Wang

  2. School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China

    Xuan-yu Jiang, Sheng-kang Luo & Hai-bin Wang

  3. The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China

    Yi-qing Chen, Sheng-kang Luo & Hai-bin Wang

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Contributions

Dr. XYJ is a resident of plastic and reconstructive surgery who completed experimental design and implementation performed the statistical analysis and prepared the manuscript. Dr. FL is an attending physician of plastic and reconstructive surgery who emerged the idea, performed the data analysis, prepared and revised the manuscript. Dr. YC is a resident of plastic and reconstructive surgery and a medical student who participated in the in vitro experiment. Dr. JF is a resident of plastic and reconstructive surgery who helped revise the manuscript and the data analysis. Prof. SKL is a professor and consulting physician of plastic and reconstructive surgery who supervised this project, critically reviewed the manuscript, and was responsible for execution of the study. Prof. HW is a professor and consulting physician of plastic and reconstructive surgery who conceived the research idea, supervised this project, critically reviewed the manuscript, and was responsible for execution of the study. All authors have seen and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Sheng-kang Luo or Hai-bin Wang.

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Jiang, Xy., Li, Fw., Chen, Yq. et al. Exosomes Derived from Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Cannot Distinctively Promote Graft Survival in Cryopreservation Fat Grafting. Aesth Plast Surg 47, 2117–2129 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-023-03457-1

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