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Habitat-dependent variation in consistent behavioural traits does not affect the efficiency of resource acquisition in a thermophilic ant

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Abstract

Consistent variation in behavioural traits among individuals is common in many species and such variation has been documented along large-scale environmental gradients across the geographic ranges of several species. However, the effect of local environmental variation on the behaviour of subpopulations and the ecological impact of such variation remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the variation in activity levels and exploration among colonies of the thermophilic ant species, Aphaenogaster senilis, in two undisturbed, geographically close habitats (grassland and woodland) and the effect of this variation on their efficiency of resource acquisition. The two habitats varied significantly in canopy cover and ground temperature at the nest entrances. Colonies in the grassland were more active than those in the woodland although exploration was comparable between the two habitats. Both activity levels and exploration showed repeatability, and colonies that were more active were more exploratory. However, we did not find any clear influences of personality traits on the efficiency of resource acquisition of these colonies and, contrary to our expectations, risk-prone colonies that were more active and exploratory did not forage more efficiently than risk-averse ones. Our study indicates that colonies in different habitats use different strategies to achieve similar degrees of ecological success.

Significance statement

Variation in local environmental conditions can lead to variation in consistent behavioural (personality) traits of the animals occupying a particular habitat and can affect their ecological functioning. This link between personality traits and the ecological consequences of these traits, such as the effect on foraging, is not frequently studied. We investigated this link in colonies of the thermophilic ant species Aphaenogaster senilis. Colonies present in open areas that had less canopy cover and were exposed to higher temperatures were more active than those present in forest areas. However, this variation had no effect on their foraging success and colonies in both areas were equally efficient in foraging for different food items. This indicates that colonies that are exposed to different environmental conditions have different behavioural strategies to achieve the same level of foraging success.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Juan and Nuria Cerdá-Angulo for their help in the field. Logistic and technical support at Doñana Biological Reserve were provided by ICTS-RBD-CSIC, Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain and co-financed by FEDER Funds. We thank David Aragonés (LAST-EBD) for his assistance with nest coordinates and map elaboration. We thank Danish A. Ahmed for his help with the ant exploration data. We are grateful to Heiko Rödel and István Maák for their insight about the statistical analyses. We thank Dr. Adam Cronin and two anonymous referees for their feedback, which has helped to improve the manuscript significantly.

Funding

SK received a post-doctoral grant from Fondation Fyssen, France. PdE is supported by the Institut Universitaire de France, France.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire d’Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée UR 4443, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 99 Avenue Jean-Baptiste Clément 93430, Villetaneuse, Paris, France

    Swetashree Kolay & Patrizia d’Ettorre

  2. Institute of Insect Biology, UMR CNRS 7261, University of Tours, Tours, France

    Raphaël Boulay

  3. Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Seville, Spain

    Elena Angulo & Xim Cerdá

  4. Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France

    Patrizia d’Ettorre

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  1. Swetashree Kolay
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  2. Raphaël Boulay
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  3. Elena Angulo
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  4. Patrizia d’Ettorre
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  5. Xim Cerdá
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Contributions

SK: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, writing—original draught, funding acquisition. RB: conceptualization, funding acquisition. EA: investigation, writing—review and editing. PdE: conceptualization, methodology, writing—review and editing, supervision, funding acquisition. XC: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, resources, writing—review and editing, supervision.

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Correspondence to Swetashree Kolay.

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Kolay, S., Boulay, R., Angulo, E. et al. Habitat-dependent variation in consistent behavioural traits does not affect the efficiency of resource acquisition in a thermophilic ant. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 77, 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-022-03274-7

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