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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Bio-HMGB1 from breast cancer contributes to M-MDSC differentiation from bone marrow progenitor cells and facilitates conversion of monocytes into MDSC-like cells

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This article was retracted on 24 January 2020

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Abstract

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) constitute the major cell population that regulates immune responses. They are known to accumulate in tumors, chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Previous data indicate that high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) facilitates MDSC differentiation from bone marrow, suppresses NK cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and is involved in cancer development. However, it remains unclear what potential mechanisms of HMGB1 facilitate MDSC differentiation. In the present work, we clearly demonstrate that HMGB1 secreted by cancer cells is N-glycosylated at Asn37, which facilitates monocytic (M)-MDSC differentiation from bone marrow via the p38/NFκB/Erk1/2 pathway and also contributes to conversion of monocytes into MDSC-like cells; HMGB1 blockade by a monoclonal antibody against the HMGB1 B box obviously reduced the accumulation of M-MDSC in tumor-bearing mice, delaying tumor growth and development; additionally, MDSC expansion and HMGB1 up-regulation were also found in breast cancer patients. All these data indicate that HMGB1 might be a potential tumor immunotherapy target.

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Change history

  • 24 January 2020

    The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article.

  • 24 January 2020

    The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article.

Abbreviations

Arg-1:

Arginase-1

bio-HMGB1:

HMGB1 purify from the MCF-7 cell culturing (FBS free) supernatant

ECL:

Electrochemiluminescence

EP:

Ethyl pyruvate

GAPDH:

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

G-MDSC:

Granulocytic-MDSC

HMGB1:

High mobility group box 1

IMCs:

Immature myeloid cells

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

LAL:

Limulus amebocyte lysate

mAb:

Monoclonal antibody

MCF-7:

Human breast cancer cell line

M-MDSC:

Monocytic-MDSC

PNGase:

Peptide N-glycosidase

PVDF:

Polyvinylidene difluoride

RAGE:

Advanced glycation end-products

rHMGB1:

Recombinant HMGB1

S-A:

MCF-7 cell culturing supernatant anti-HMGB1 B box mAb

SD:

Standard deviation

S–E:

MCF-7 cell culturing supernatant with EP

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 81370084, 81502663), the Social Development Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BE2015668). The six talent peaks project in Jiangsu Province (2013-WSN-002, 2015-WSN-005); the maternal and child project in Jiangsu Province (F201511). We thank Huaxi Xu and the International Science Editing Company for editing and proofreading the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China

    Zhaoliang Su, Yueqin Liu, Wenlin Xu & Jia Wang

  2. Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China

    Zhaoliang Su, Ping Ni, Peng She, Seidu A. Richard & Jia Wang

  3. The Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China

    Haitao Zhu

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The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article [1] because a number of the images in Figures 4a and 4c, appear to have been duplicated then either rotated, cropped or stretched to make them appear to be different tumors. The Editor-in-Chief no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions presented in this article. Jia Wang agrees with this retraction. Seidu A. Richard does not agree with this retraction. Zhaoliang Su, Ping Ni, Peng She, Yueqin Liu, Wenlin Xu and Haitao Zhu have not responded to correspondence about this retraction.

[1] Zhaoliang Su, Ping Ni, Peng She, Yueqin Liu, Seidu A. Richard,Wenlin Xu, Haitao Zhu, Jia Wang. Bio-HMGB1 from breast cancer contributes to M-MDSC differentiation from bone marrow progenitor cells and facilitates conversion of monocytes into MDSC-like cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017 66(3): 391-401, doi: 10.1007/s00262-016-1942-2.

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Su, Z., Ni, P., She, P. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Bio-HMGB1 from breast cancer contributes to M-MDSC differentiation from bone marrow progenitor cells and facilitates conversion of monocytes into MDSC-like cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 66, 391–401 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-016-1942-2

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