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Cross-sectional imaging of the pancreas in diabetes

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus presents a global health challenge characterized by dysregulated glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Pancreas dysfunction contributes to the development and progression of diabetes. Cross-sectional imaging modalities have provided new insight into the structural and functional alterations of the pancreas in individuals with diabetes. This review summarizes MRI and CT studies that characterize pancreas alterations in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and discusses future applications of these techniques.

Key points

  • Cross-sectional imaging can detect alterations to the pancreas accompanying, and possibly presaging, the development of both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

  • The smaller pancreas found in individuals with diabetes implicates exocrine involvement in the disease, as it exceeds the 1–2% of the pancreas composed of hormone-producing endocrine tissue.

  • Pancreas fat content is associated with insulin resistance and is higher in individuals with T2D.

  • Quantitative MRI can detect changes in pancreas composition and microstructure in individuals with diabetes that display spatial heterogeneity throughout the gland.

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Acknowledgements

Research reported in this publication was supported by the Beatson Foundation (2021-003), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK129979, DK097771, DK108323, DK127382), and the National Cancer Institute (CA260955). Funding was provided via the NIDDK Information Network New Investigator Pilot Program in Bioinformatics. We gratefully acknowledge contributions from the Consortium for the Study of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, and Pancreatic Cancer (CPDPC) and Imaging Morphology of Pancreas in Diabetic Patients following Acute Pancreatitis (IMMINENT) Study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, 10 E 24th Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA

    John Virostko

  2. Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    John Virostko

  3. Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    John Virostko

  4. Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    John Virostko

  5. Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Temel Tirkes

  6. Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Temel Tirkes

  7. Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Temel Tirkes

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Virostko, J., Tirkes, T. Cross-sectional imaging of the pancreas in diabetes. Abdom Radiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-024-04310-y

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