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Evaluation of hepatic fibrosis: a review from the society of abdominal radiology disease focus panel

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Abstract

Hepatic fibrosis is potentially reversible; however early diagnosis is necessary for treatment in order to halt progression to cirrhosis and development of complications including portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma. Morphologic signs of cirrhosis on ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alone are unreliable and are seen with more advanced disease. Newer imaging techniques to diagnose liver fibrosis are reliable and accurate, and include magnetic resonance elastography and US elastography (one-dimensional transient elastography and point shear wave elastography or acoustic radiation force impulse imaging). Research is ongoing with multiple other techniques for the noninvasive diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis, including MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging, hepatobiliary contrast enhancement, and perfusion; CT using perfusion, fractional extracellular space techniques, and dual-energy, contrast-enhanced US, texture analysis in multiple modalities, quantitative mapping, and direct molecular imaging probes. Efforts to advance the noninvasive imaging assessment of hepatic fibrosis will facilitate earlier diagnosis and improve patient monitoring with the goal of preventing the progression to cirrhosis and its complications.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Michael R. Savino for assistance with images and Dr. Claude Sirlin and Dr. Venkateswar R. Surabhi, other members of the Society of Abdominal Radiology Disease Focus Panel.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 St. Clair St, Suite 800, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA

    Jeanne M. Horowitz & Frank H. Miller

  2. Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Sudhakar K. Venkatesh, Richard L. Ehman & Michael L. Wells

  3. Division of Abdominal Imaging, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mt. Sinai Hospital & Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada

    Kartik Jhaveri

  4. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Patrick Kamath

  5. Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF School of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA

    Michael A. Ohliger & Benjamin Yeh

  6. Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA

    Anthony E. Samir

  7. Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, 13400 E. Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA

    Alvin C. Silva

  8. Department of Radiology and Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, Box 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA

    Bachir Taouli

  9. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Michael S. Torbenson

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  1. Jeanne M. Horowitz
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  8. Alvin C. Silva
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  9. Bachir Taouli
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  10. Michael S. Torbenson
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  11. Michael L. Wells
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  12. Benjamin Yeh
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  13. Frank H. Miller
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jeanne M. Horowitz.

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Funding

This study is not funded.

Conflict of interest

Richard L. Ehman: RLE and the Mayo Clinic have intellectual property rights and a financial interest in MRE technology. RLE serves as CEO and holds equity in Resoundant, Inc. Frank H. Miller MD has received a research grant from Siemens (no financial interest or funds). Michael A. Ohliger has received research support from Gilead pharmaceuticals. Bachir Taouli has received industry research grants from Guerbet and Bayer, is a consultant for Bioclinica, Median Technologies, and has received equipment support from Siemens. The other authors including Jeanne M. Horowitz, Sudhakar K. Venkatesh, Kartik Jhaveri, Patrick Kamath, Anthony E. Samir, Alvin C. Silva, Michael S. Torbenson, Michael L. Wells, and Benjamin Yeh declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Horowitz, J.M., Venkatesh, S.K., Ehman, R.L. et al. Evaluation of hepatic fibrosis: a review from the society of abdominal radiology disease focus panel. Abdom Radiol 42, 2037–2053 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-017-1211-7

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