Abstract
Recently, cadmium (Cd) contamination in paddy soils has become a highly concerning pollution problem. Endophytic microbes in rice not only affect the plant growth but also contribute to ion absorption by the roots. Therefore, they are a promising, ecologically sound means of reducing the Cd transport from soils to shoots and grains of the plant. In this study, a Cd-resistant endophytic bacterium, named 181–22, with high Cd absorption capacity (90.8%) was isolated from the roots of rice planting in heavily Cd-contaminated paddy soils and was identified as Bacillus koreensis CGMCC 19,468. The strain significantly increased fresh weight of roots and shoots (44.4% and 42.7%) and dry weight of roots and shoots (71.3% and 39.9%) and decreased Cd content in the rice roots (12.8%), shoots (34.3%), and grains (39.1%) under Cd stress compared to uninoculated plant by colonizing rice roots via seed inoculation. Moreover, colonization of 181–22 reprogrammed rice physiology to alleviate Cd stress by increasing pigment and total protein content, regulating Cd-induced oxidative stress enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase and reducing malondialdehyde. Thus, B. koreensis 181–22 has the potential to protect rice against Cd stress and can be used as a biofertilizer to bioremediate paddy soils contaminated with Cd.
Key points
• Bacillus koreensis 181–22 colonized the inside of rice roots at high numbers via seed inoculation.
• B. koreensis 181–22 promoted rice growth and decreased Cd accumulation in grains.
• B. koreensis 181–22 regulated the physiological response to alleviated Cd stress in rice.
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This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC, grant number 31770124] and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP).
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X. Z. and J. Z. conducted experiments; X. L., J. T., and X. Z. analyzed the results; X. L. wrote the manuscript; F. G. and S. Y. contributed with scientific discussions; N. W. and J. T. provided research ideas and funds and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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Zhou, X., Liu, X., Zhao, J. et al. The endophytic bacterium Bacillus koreensis 181–22 promotes rice growth and alleviates cadmium stress under cadmium exposure. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 105, 8517–8529 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11613-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11613-3