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Regulation of Hydrolytic Enzyme Activity in Aquatic Microbial Communities Hosted by Carnivorous Pitcher Plants

  • Microbiology of Aquatic Systems
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Abstract

Carnivorous pitcher plants Sarracenia purpurea host diverse eukaryotic and bacterial communities which aid in insect prey digestion, but little is known about the functional processes mediated by the microbial communities. This study aimed to connect pitcher community diversity with functional nutrient transformation processes, identifying bacterial taxa, and measuring regulation of hydrolytic enzyme activity in response to prey and alternative nutrient sources. Genetic analysis identified diverse bacterial taxa known to produce hydrolytic enzyme activities. Chitinase, protease, and phosphatase activities were measured using fluorometric assays. Enzyme activity in field pitchers was positively correlated with bacterial abundance, and activity was suppressed by antibiotics suggesting predominantly bacterial sources of chitinase and protease activity. Fungi, algae, and rotifers observed could also contribute enzyme activity, but fresh insect prey released minimal chitinase activity. Activity of chitinase and proteases was upregulated in response to insect additions, and phosphatase activity was suppressed by phosphate additions. Particulate organic P in prey was broken down, appearing as increasing dissolved organic and inorganic P pools within 14 days. Chitinase and protease were not significantly suppressed by availability of dissolved organic substrates, though organic C and N stimulated bacterial growth, resulting in elevated enzyme activity. This comprehensive field and experimental study show that pitcher plant microbial communities dynamically regulate hydrolytic enzyme activity, to digest prey nutrients to simpler forms, mediating biogeochemical nutrient transformations and release of nutrients for microbial and host plant uptake.

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Acknowledgements

Research was supported by the UWM Field Station and support from the Office of Undergraduate Research to Jessica Sielicki, Addie Skillman, Jessica Mulligan, Lauren Engen, and Amy Rymaszewski. JS was also supported by UWM DIN fellowship. Terry Bott and Anne Opseth also helped with data collection. Jamie Smith and Heather Owen carried out SEM imaging. Jessica Vanderwalle helped with genetic analysis. Paul Engevold supported greenhouse experiments. We thank anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions.

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3209 N Maryland Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA

    Erica B. Young, Jessica Sielicki & Jacob J. Grothjan

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Young, E.B., Sielicki, J. & Grothjan, J.J. Regulation of Hydrolytic Enzyme Activity in Aquatic Microbial Communities Hosted by Carnivorous Pitcher Plants. Microb Ecol 76, 885–898 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-018-1187-z

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